Ukufakwa Kwensimbi Eqinile Nge-PCBN Cutter

Ukufakwa kwensimbi eqinile nge-PCBN cutter

Eshumini leminyaka elidlule, ukunemba kwezingxenye zensimbi eziqinile ezinokufakwa kwe-polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) kancane kancane kuthathe indawo yokugaya okuvamile. U-Tyler Economan, umphathi wamabhidi wobunjiniyela e-Index, e-U.S.A., uthe, "Ngokujwayelekile, imigodi yokugaya iyinqubo ezinzile enikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kobukhulu kuno-grooving. Nokho, abantu basafuna ukukwazi ukuqedela umsebenzi ku-lathe. Kudingeka ukucubungula okuhlukahlukene."

Izinto ezihlukene zokusetshenzwa eziye zaqiniswa zihlanganisa insimbi enesivinini esikhulu, i-die steel, i-bearing steel ne-alloy steel. Izinsimbi ezinensimbi kuphela ezingaqiniswa, futhi izinqubo zokuqina zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinsimbi zekhabhoni ephansi. Ngokwelashwa okuqinisayo, ubulukhuni bangaphandle be-workpiece bungenziwa buphakeme futhi bugqoke, kuyilapho ingaphakathi linokuqina okungcono. Izingxenye ezenziwe ngensimbi eqinile zihlanganisa ama-mandrel, ama-ekseli, izixhumi, amasondo okushayela, ama-camshafts, amagiya, ama-bushings, ama-drive shafts, ama-bearings, nokunye okunjalo.

Kodwa-ke, "izinto eziqinile" ziyisihlobo, zishintsha umqondo. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi izinto zokusebenza ezinobunzima be-40-55 HRC ziyizinto eziqinile; abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ubulukhuni bezinto eziqinile kufanele kube yi-58-60 HRC noma ngaphezulu. Kulesi sigaba, amathuluzi e-PCBN angasetshenziswa.

Ngemuva kokuqina kokungeniswa, ungqimba oluqinile olungaphezulu lungafika ku-1.5mm ubukhulu futhi ubulukhuni bungafinyelela ku-58-60 HRC, kuyilapho izinto ezingaphansi kongqimba olungaphezulu ngokuvamile zithambile kakhulu. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iningi lokusika lenziwa ngaphansi kwesendlalelo esiqinile.

Amathuluzi omshini anamandla anele kanye nokuqina ayisimo esidingekayo sokugoba izingxenye eziqinile. Ngokusho kwe-Economan, "Uma kungcono ukuqina kwethuluzi lomshini kanye namandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kwe-grooving yezinto eziqinile. Ukuze uthole izinto zokusebenza ezinobunzima obungaphezu kwe-50 HRC, amathuluzi amaningi omshini wokukhanya awahlangabezani nezimo zokusika ezidingekayo. Uma umthamo womshini (amandla, i-torque, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuqina) weqiwe, ukukhanda akukwazi ukuqedwa ngempumelelo."

Ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu kudivayisi yokubamba i-workpiece ngoba indawo yokuxhumana ye-cutting edge ne-workpiece inkulu ngesikhathi senqubo ye-grooving, futhi ithuluzi linengcindezi enkulu ku-workpiece. Lapho ubopha izinsimbi zokusebenza eziqinile, i-clamp ebanzi ingasetshenziswa ukuhlakaza indawo yokubopha. U-Paul Ratzki, umphathi wezokumaketha we-Sumitomo Electric Hard Alloy Co., uthe, "Izingxenye ezizokwenziwa ngomshini kufanele zisekelwe ngokuqinile. Lapho umshini wezinto eziqinile, ukudlidliza nokucindezela kwamathuluzi okukhiqizwa kukhulu kakhulu kunalapho kwenziwa ama-workpieces ajwayelekile, okungase kuphumele ekubambeni kwe-workpiece. Ayikwazi ukundiza iphume emshinini, noma ibangele ukuphuka kwe-CBN noma i-blade ye-CBN."

I-shank ebambe i-grooving insert kufanele ibe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe i-overhang futhi kwandise ukuqina kwethuluzi. U-Matthew Schmitz, umphathi wemikhiqizo ye-GRIP e-Isca, uveza ukuthi ngokuvamile, amathuluzi e-monolithic afaneleka kakhulu ukugoba izinto eziqinile. Kodwa-ke, inkampani iphinde inikeze uhlelo lwe-grooving modular. "I-shank ye-modular ingasetshenziswa ezimweni zomshini lapho ithuluzi livame ukwehluleka kungazelelwe," usho kanje. "Akudingeki ukuthi umiselele yonke i-shank, udinga nje ukufaka esikhundleni sengxenye engabizi kakhulu. I-shank ye-modular iphinde inikeze izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zomshini. Isistimu ye-modular ye-Iskar's Grip ingafakwa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ehlukene. Ungasebenzisa isibambi samathuluzi esinama-blade angu-7 ahlukene emigqeni yemikhiqizo engu-7 noma iyiphi inombolo yezindwani ukuze kucutshungulwe okuhlukile Ulayini womkhiqizo ofanayo onobubanzi be-slot."

Sumitomo EIziphathi-mathuluzi ze-lectric zokubamba okufakiwe kohlobo lwe-CGA zisebenzisa indlela yokugoqa phezulu edonsa i-blade ibuyele kusibambi. Lesi sibambi siphinde sibe nesikulufu sokubopha eceleni ukuze sisize ukuthuthukisa ukuqina nokubamba nokwelula impilo yamathuluzi. U-Rich Maton, umsizi womphathi womnyango wokuklama wenkampani, uthe, "Lesi siphathi samathuluzi siklanyelwe ukugoqa izingcezu zokusebenza eziqinile. Uma i-blade ihamba esibambi, i-blade iguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi impilo yethuluzi iyashintsha. Ngezidingo zokukhiqiza eziphezulu zemboni yezimoto (ezifana ne-50-100 noma i-100 noma i-150 ithuluzi elibalulekile libikezela ithuluzi elibalulekile empilweni ngayinye kanye nezinguquko ezibalulekile empilweni impilo ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizeni."

Ngokwemibiko, i-Mitsubishi Materials' GY yochungechunge lwe-Tri-Lock modular grooving system iqhathaniswa ngokuqina nama-blade chucks abalulekile. Uhlelo lubamba ngokuthembekile ama-grooving blades ukusuka ezinhlangothini ezintathu (peripheral, front and top). Ukwakheka kwayo okubili kwesakhiwo kuvimbela i-blade ukuthi ingasuswa lapho i-grooving: i-projection emise okwe-V ivimbela i-blade ukuthi inganyakazi ezinhlangothini; ukhiye wokuphepha uqeda ukuhamba phambili kwe-blade okubangelwa amandla okusika ngesikhathi somshini we-slot.

Ukufakwa kwe-grooving okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zensimbi eziqinile kuhlanganisa ukufaka okulula kwesikwele, okufakwayo okwenza, ukufaka okufakiwe, nokunye okunjalo. Ngokuvamile, ama-groove asikiwe adingeka ukuthi abe nesiphetho esihle ngenxa yokuthi anengxenye yokukhwelana, kanti amanye angama-O-rings noma ama-snap ring grooves. Ngokuka-Mark Menconi, uchwepheshe womkhiqizo kwa-Mitsubishi Materials, "Lezi zinqubo zingahlukaniswa zibe machining e-diameter groove kanye nangaphandle kwe-diameter groove machining, kodwa imisebenzi eminingi yokuhlunga idinga ukusika okuhle, okuhlanganisa ukunemba kokuthinta okukhanyayo kusuka cishe ku-0.25 mm ukujula kokusika. Sika uze usike ngokugcwele ngokujula okungaba ngu-0.5mm."

I-grooving yensimbi eqinile idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi anobunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka okungcono kanye nejometri efanelekile. Okubalulekile wukuthola ukuthi kufanele yini kusetshenziswe i-carbide insert, i-ceramic insert noma i-PCBN insert. U-Schmitz uthe, "Cishe njalo ngikhetha okufakwayo kwe-carbide lapho ngimaka izingcezu zokusebenza ezinobunzima obungaphansi kuka-50 HRC. Ezingxenyeni zokusebenza ezinobunzima obuyi-50-58 HRC, ukufakwa kwe-ceramic kuwukukhetha ukonga kakhulu. Kuphela uma ukufakwa kwe-workpiece ye-CBN kufanele kucatshangelwe ubulukhuni obufika ku-58 HRC. Ama-CBN afaka izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokusika azifaneleki ikakhulukazi umshini wokusika oqinile kodwa owufanele kakhulu umshini wokusika. ithuluzi/workpiece interface Ncibilikisa impahla.

Ngokugujwa kwezingxenye zensimbi eziqinile ezinobunzima obungaphezu kuka-58 HRC, ukulawulwa kwe-chip akuyona inkinga. Njengoba i-grooving eyomile ivame ukusetshenziswa, ama-chips afana nothuli noma izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu futhi angasuswa ngokushaywa ngesandla. UMaton we-Sumitomo Electric uthe, "Imvamisa, lolu hlobo lwe-swarf luzophuka futhi luhlakazeke uma lushaya noma yini, ngakho-ke ukuthintana kwe-swarf ne-workpiece ngeke kulimaze ucezu lokusebenza. Uma ubamba i-swarf, izophahlaza esandleni sakho. ”

Esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ukufakwa kwe-CBN kulungele ukusika okomile ukuthi nakuba ukumelana nokushisa kwabo kuhle kakhulu, ukusebenza kokucubungula kuyancipha kakhulu esimweni sokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. I-Economan ithi, “Eqinisweni, lapho ukufakwa kwe-CBN kuthintana nezinto zokusebenza, kukhiqiza ukushisa kokusika esihlokweni, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukufakwa kwe-CBN akuvumelani nezimo ezishintshayo zokushisa, kunzima ukupholisa ngokwanele ukugcina izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo. Izwe. I-CBN inzima kakhulu, kodwa futhi i-brittle futhi ingase iqhume ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa."

Lapho usika izingxenye zensimbi ngobulukhuni obuphansi (ezifana ne-45-50 HRC) ngokufaka i-carbide enosimende, i-ceramic noma i-PCBN, ama-chips akhiqiziwe kufanele abe mafushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kususa ngokuphumelelayo ukushisa kokusika ezintweni zamathuluzi ngesikhathi sokusika ngoba ama-chips angathwala inani elikhulu lokushisa.

Ingabekar's Schmitz futhi uncoma ukuthi ithuluzi licutshungulwe esimweni "esihlanekezelwe". Wachaza, “Lapho ufaka ithuluzi ethuluzini lomshini, ithuluzi elithandwayo lomakhi wethuluzi lomshini lifakwa ngokusika ubuso be-blade bubheke phezulu, njengoba lokhu kuvumela ukujikeleza kwe-workpiece ukufaka ingcindezi ephansi kumzila wesitimela ukuze ugcine umshini uzinzile. i-blade ngeke ibonakale, futhi ukugeleza kwe-chip kuzophunyuka ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni yokusika ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi."

Ukuqina kobuso kuyindlela elula yokuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bensimbi ye-carbon steel. Umgomo uwukwandisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ekujuleni okuthile ngaphansi kobuso bento. Lapho ukujula kwe-grooving kudlula ukushuba kongqimba oluqinile lwendawo, ezinye izinkinga zingase ziphakame ngenxa yokushintshwa kwe-grooving blade isuka kokuqinile iye kwethambile. Kuze kube manje, abakhiqizi bamathuluzi baye bahlakulela amamaki amaningana e-blade ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokusebenza.

U-Duane Drape, umphathi wezokuthengisa e-Horn (USA), uthe, "Uma ushintsha kusuka kokuqinile kuya kwento ethambile, umsebenzisi akafuni ngaso sonke isikhathi ukushintsha i-blade, ngakho-ke kufanele sithole ithuluzi elingcono kakhulu lalolu hlobo lomshini. Uma kusetshenziswa ukufakwa kwe-carbide enosimende, kuzohlangabezana nenkinga yokuguga ngokweqile lapho i-blade isika indawo eqinile esetshenziswayo, uma i-CB isetshenziselwa ukusika izinto ezithambile ezisezingeni eliphezulu. ukulimaza i-blade. Singasebenzisa i-compromise: i-high hardness carbide ifaka + ama-super lubricated coatings, noma amamaki athambile e-CBN afaka amamaki + okusika afanele ukusika izinto ezivamile (kunokuba machining kanzima)."

U-Drape uthe, "Ungasebenzisa okufakwayo kwe-CBN ukuze usike ngempumelelo izinto zokusebenza ngobulukhuni be-45-50 HRC, kodwa i-blade geometry kufanele ilungiswe. Ukufakwa okujwayelekile kwe-CBN kune-chamfer eyinegetive onqenqemeni lokusika. Le chamfer eyi-CBN eyi-negative ithambile emshinini. Lapho kusetshenziswa impahla yokusebenza, okokusebenza kuzoba nomphumela we-CBN omfishane. ubulukhuni busetshenziswa futhi ijometri yonqenqema lokusika iyashintshwa, impahla yokusebenza enobulukhuni be-45-50 HRC ingasikwa ngempumelelo."

I-S117 HORN grooving insert eyakhiwe inkampani isebenzisa ithiphu ye-PCBN, futhi ukujula kokusikwa cishe ku-0.15-0.2 mm lapho ububanzi begiya sisikwa kahle. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqeda okuhle kwendawo, i-blade inendiza yokukhuhla emaphethelweni okusika ezinhlangothini zombili.

Enye inketho ukushintsha imingcele yokusika. Ngokusho kwe-Index's Economan, "Ngemva kokusika ungqimba oluqinile, imingcele yokusika emikhulu ingasetshenziswa. Uma ukujula okuqinile kungu-0.13mm noma 0.25mm kuphela, ngemva kokusika kulokhu kujula, noma ama-blade ahlukene ayashintshwa noma usasebenzisa i-blade efanayo, kodwa wandise imingcele yokusika ibe sezingeni elifanele."

Ukuze kuhlanganiswe uhla olubanzi lokucutshungulwa, amamaki e-PCBN blade ayakhula. Amamaki okuqina aphakeme avumela isivinini sokusika esisheshayo, kuyilapho amamaki anokuqina okungcono angasetshenziswa ezindaweni zokucubungula ezingazinzile. Ngokusika okuqhubekayo noma okuphazamisekile, amamaki ahlukene okufaka i-PCBN angasetshenziswa. I-Maton ye-Sumitomo Electric iveze ukuthi ngenxa yokuqina kwamathuluzi e-PCBN, imiphetho ebukhali ijwayele ukucwiliswa lapho kwenziwa insimbi eqinile. "Kumele sivikele unqenqema lokusika, ikakhulukazi ekusikeni okuphazamisekile, unqenqema lokusika kufanele lulungiswe ngaphezu kokusikwa okuqhubekayo, futhi i-engeli yokusika kufanele ibe nkulu."

Iskar' amamaki asanda kuthuthukiswa e-IB10H kanye ne-IB20H aqhubeka nokwandisa umugqa womkhiqizo we-Groove Turn PCBN. I-IB10H iyibanga elihle le-PCBN lokusika okuqhubekayo okuphakathi kuya kwesivinini esikhulu sensimbi eqinile; kuyilapho i-IB20H iqukethe izinhlamvu ze-PCBN zosayizi wokusanhlamvu ocolile naphakathi, ohlinzeka ukumelana nokuguga okuhle kanye nokumelana nomthelela. Ibhalansi ingakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zensimbi eqinile ephazamisekile. Imodi yokwehluleka evamile yethuluzi le-PCBN kufanele kube ukuthi umkhawulo wokusika uyaguga kunokuba uqhekeke noma uqhekeke ngokuzumayo.

Ibanga le-PCBN elihlanganisiwe le-BNC30G elethulwe yi-Sumitomo Electric lisetshenziselwa ukugoqa okuphazanyiswe kwezinsimbi eziqinile. Ngokuqhubekayo, inkampani incoma ibanga layo le-BN250 le-universal blade. UMaton uthe, "Lapho usika ngokuqhubekayo, i-blade inqunywa isikhathi eside, okuzokhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-blade enokumelana okuhle kokugqoka. Endabeni ye-grooving ngezikhathi ezithile, i-blade ingena ngokuqhubekayo futhi iphuma ekusikeni. Inomthelela omkhulu ku-tip. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-blade ne-blade ukuze ihambisane nokuhle, ibambe iqhaza ngokuhle. futhi kusiza ekweluleni impilo yamathuluzi."

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwemisele eyenziwa ngomshini, ama-workshops ngaphambilini abethembele ekugayeni ukuze aqedele izingxenye zensimbi eziqinile zingaguqulwa zibe yi-grooving ngamathuluzi e-PCBN ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo. I-hard grooving ingafinyelela ukunemba kwe-dimensional efana nokugaya, kuyilapho kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi somshini.