Kutsegula Kwa Chitsulo Cholimba Ndi PCBN Wodula

Kuyika kwachitsulo cholimba ndi chodula cha PCBN

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, kukokomeza kwazitsulo zowuma ndi polycrystalline kiyubic boron nitride (PCBN) kwalowa pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa kugaya kwachikhalidwe. Tyler Economan, woyang'anira zomangamanga ku Index, USA, anati, "Nthawi zambiri, kugaya grooves ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe imapereka kulondola kwapamwamba kusiyana ndi grooving. Komabe, anthu akufunabe kumaliza ntchito yopangira lathe.

Zida zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito zomwe zaumitsidwa zimaphatikizapo chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, chitsulo chakufa, zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi aloyi. Zitsulo zachitsulo zokha zimatha kuuma, ndipo njira zowumitsa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo za carbon low. Kupyolera mu chithandizo chowumitsa, kuuma kwa kunja kwa workpiece kumatha kupangidwa kukhala apamwamba komanso kuvala, pamene mkati mwake muli kulimba bwino. Zigawo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba zimaphatikizapo mandrels, ma axles, zolumikizira, mawilo oyendetsa, ma camshafts, magiya, ma bushings, ma shafts, ma fani, ndi zina zotero.

Komabe, "zida zolimba" ndi wachibale, kusintha lingaliro. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti zida zogwirira ntchito zolimba za 40-55 HRC ndi zida zolimba; ena amakhulupirira kuti kuuma kwa zinthu zolimba kuyenera kukhala 58-60 HRC kapena kupitilira apo. Pagulu ili, zida za PCBN zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pambuyo pakuwumitsidwa kwa induction, mawonekedwe owuma pamtunda amatha kukhala mpaka 1.5mm wandiweyani ndipo kuuma kumatha kufika 58-60 HRC, pomwe zinthu zomwe zili pansi pamadzi zimakhala zofewa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti ambiri kudula kumachitika pansi pamwamba oumitsa wosanjikiza.

Zida zamakina zokhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso zolimba ndizofunikira pakupukusa magawo olimba. Malinga ndi Economan, "Kulimba mtima kwa chida cha makina ndi kukweza mphamvu, kumapangitsa kuti grooving ikhale yolimba kwambiri. Kwa zipangizo zogwirira ntchito ndi kuuma kwa zoposa 50 HRC, zida zambiri zamakina opepuka sizikumana ndi zofunikira zodulira. Ngati mphamvu yamakina (mphamvu, torque, makamaka kulimba) ipitilira, makinawo sangathe kumalizidwa bwino. "

Kukhazikika ndikofunika kwambiri pa chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito workpiece chifukwa kukhudzana pamwamba pa m'mphepete mwa kudula ndi workpiece ndi kwakukulu pa nthawi ya grooving, ndipo chidacho chimakhala ndi vuto lalikulu pa workpiece. Mukamangirira zitsulo zolimba zolimba, chotchinga chachikulu chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubalalitsa malo omangira. Paul Ratzki, woyang'anira malonda a Sumitomo Electric Hard Alloy Co., anati, "Zigawo zomwe zimapangidwira ziyenera kuthandizidwa mwamphamvu. Mukakonza zipangizo zowumitsidwa, kugwedezeka ndi kupanikizika kwa zida zomwe zimapangidwa zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa pamene mukukonza zida zogwirira ntchito wamba, zomwe zingapangitse workpiece clamping.

Shank yomwe imagwira choyikapo grooving iyenera kukhala yaifupi momwe ingathere kuti muchepetse kuchulukana ndikuwonjezera kulimba kwa zida. Matthew Schmitz, manejala wa zinthu za GRIP ku Isca, akuwonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri, zida za monolithic ndizoyenera kukulitsa zida zolimba. Komabe, kampaniyo imaperekanso ma modular grooving system. "Shank modular angagwiritsidwe ntchito machining zinthu kumene chida sachedwa kulephera mwadzidzidzi," iye akutero. "Simuyenera kulowetsa shank yonse, mumangofunika kusintha chigawo chotsika mtengo. The modular shank imaperekanso njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira makina. Iskar's Grip modular system ikhoza kuikidwa muzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mungagwiritse ntchito chida chokhala ndi masamba 7 osiyana pa mizere ya mankhwala a 7 kapena nambala iliyonse ya masamba kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosiyanasiyana Mzere wazinthu zomwezo ndi slot wide. "

Sumitomo Ezida za lectric zoyika zoyika zamtundu wa CGA zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yokhotakhota pamwamba yomwe imakokera tsambalo m'chifuyo. Chogwirizirachi chimakhalanso ndi zomangira zam'mbali kuti zithandizire kukonza kukhazikika komanso kukulitsa moyo wa chida. Rich Maton, wothandizira woyang'anira dipatimenti yokonza mapangidwe a kampaniyo, anati, "Chida ichi chapangidwira grooving of workpieces owumitsidwa. Ngati tsamba likuyenda mu chofukizira, tsamba limavala pakapita nthawi ndipo moyo wa chida umasintha. Pakuti mkulu-zokolola machining zofunika za makampani magalimoto (monga 50-100 kapena 100 kapena 150 chida chofunika kwambiri pa moyo), kuneneratu kudula chida chofunika kwambiri pa moyo ndi 150 ntchito. moyo ukhoza kukhudza kwambiri kupanga."

Malinga ndi malipoti, Mitsubishi Materials 'GY mndandanda wa Tri-Lock modular grooving system ikufanana ndi kulimba ndi ma chucks ophatikizika. Dongosololi limagwira bwino ma grooving masamba kuchokera mbali zitatu (zotumphukira, kutsogolo ndi pamwamba). Mapangidwe ake awiri amalepheretsa kuti tsambalo lisasunthike panthawi ya grooving: mawonekedwe a V amalepheretsa kuti tsambalo lisasunthike kumbali; fungulo lachitetezo limathetsa kusuntha kwatsogolo kwa tsamba lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi mphamvu yodulira panthawi yopanga ma slot.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazigawo zazitsulo zolimba zimaphatikizirapo ma sikweya osavuta, zoyikapo, zoyikapo, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri, ma groove odulidwa amafunikira kuti akhale omaliza bwino chifukwa ali ndi gawo lokweretsa, ndipo ena ndi O-rings kapena snap ring grooves. Malinga ndi Mark Menconi, katswiri wa mankhwala ku Mitsubishi Materials, "Njirazi zikhoza kugawidwa m'kati mwake m'kati mwake poyambira machining ndi m'mimba mwake m'mimba mwake Machining, koma ntchito zambiri grooving amafuna kudula bwino, kuphatikizapo kuwala kukhudza mwatsatanetsatane kuchokera pafupifupi 0,25 mm kuya kwa kudula. Dulani mpaka kudula kwathunthu ndi kuya pafupifupi 0.5mm."

Kuyika kwachitsulo cholimba kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolimba kwambiri, kukana kuvala bwino komanso geometry yoyenera. Chinsinsi ndicho kudziwa ngati choyikapo cha carbide, choyikapo ceramic kapena choyikapo PCBN chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Schmitz adati, "nthawi zonse ndimasankha zoyikapo za carbide popanga zida zolimba zomwe zili pansi pa 50 HRC. Kwa zogwirira ntchito zolimba za 50-58 HRC, zoyikapo za ceramic ndizosakwera mtengo kwambiri. Pokhapokha ngati choyikapo cha CBN chiyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ndi cholimba mpaka 58 HRC. Zoyikapo za CBN ndizoyenera kwambiri pakudulira makina olimba, koma zida zodulira sizikhala zoyenera kwambiri pakudulira makina opangira makina olimba kwambiri. chida / workpiece mawonekedwe Sungunulani zakuthupi.

Pakukula kwa zitsulo zolimba zolimba ndi kuuma kopitilira 58 HRC, kuwongolera chip si vuto. Popeza grooving youma imagwiritsidwa ntchito, tchipisi zimakhala ngati fumbi kapena tinthu tating'ono kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuchotsedwa ndi kuwomba pamanja. Maton wa Sumitomo Electric adati, "Nthawi zambiri, swarf yamtunduwu imasweka ndikusweka ikagunda chilichonse, kotero kukhudzana kwa swarf ndi chogwirira ntchito sikungawononge chogwirira ntchito. Ngati mugwira swarf, iwo amaphwanya m'manja mwanu. ”

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe CBN amaika ndi oyenera kudula youma ndi chakuti ngakhale kutentha kwawo kukana ndi zabwino kwambiri, processing ntchito yafupika kwambiri pa nkhani ya kusinthasintha kutentha. Economan akuti, "M'malo mwake, choyikapo cha CBN chikalumikizana ndi zinthu zogwirira ntchito, chimatulutsa kutentha kwa kudula pansonga, koma chifukwa choyikapo cha CBN sichingasinthe kusintha kwa kutentha, kumakhala kovuta kuzizirira mokwanira kusunga kutentha kosalekeza. Boma. CBN ndi yovuta kwambiri, koma ndi yolimba kwambiri ndipo imatha kusweka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha."

Mukadula zitsulo zolimba kwambiri (monga 45-50 HRC) zokhala ndi simenti ya carbide, ceramic kapena PCBN, tchipisi topangidwa zikhala zazifupi momwe mungathere. Izi zimachotsa bwino kutentha kwa kudula mu zida za zida panthawi yodula chifukwa tchipisi zimatha kunyamula kutentha kwakukulu.

Ndikar's Schmitz amalimbikitsanso kuti chidacho chisinthidwe mu "inverted" state. Iye anafotokoza kuti, "Poika chida pa chida cha makina, chida chomwe chimakondedwa ndi womanga makina chimayikidwa ndi kudula tsambalo, chifukwa izi zimathandiza kuti kuzungulira kwa workpiece kukhale ndi mphamvu yotsika pansi pa njanji ya makina kuti makina azikhala okhazikika. tsamba silidzawoneka, ndipo kutuluka kwa chip kudzatuluka kuchokera kumalo odulidwa pansi pa mphamvu yokoka."

Kuwumitsa pamwamba ndi njira yosavuta yowonjezera kuuma kwa chitsulo chochepa cha carbon. Mfundo yake ndi kuonjezera zomwe zili mu carbon pa kuya kwina kwake pansi pa zinthuzo. Pamene kuya kwa grooving kupitirira makulidwe a pamwamba ouma wosanjikiza, mavuto ena angabwere chifukwa cha kusintha kwa tsamba la grooving kuchoka ku chinthu cholimba kupita ku chinthu chofewa. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, opanga zida apanga angapo tsamba masamba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya workpiece zipangizo.

Duane Drape, woyang'anira malonda ku Horn (USA), adati, "Posintha kuchoka ku chinthu cholimba kupita ku chinthu chofewa, wogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse safuna kusintha tsamba, choncho tiyenera kupeza chida chabwino kwambiri cha makina amtundu uwu. Ngati choyikapo chopangidwa ndi simenti cha carbide chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chidzakumana ndi vuto la kuvala mopitirira muyeso pamene tsamba limadula malo olimba kwambiri. kuwononga tsamba. Titha kugwiritsa ntchito kunyengerera: kuuma kwambiri kwa carbide + zokutira zothira mafuta kwambiri, kapena zofewa za CBN zimayika magiredi + zodulira zoyenera kudula zida wamba (osati makina olimba).

Drape adati, "Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zoyikapo za CBN kuti mudulire bwino zida zogwirira ntchito ndi kuuma kwa 45-50 HRC, koma tsamba la geometry liyenera kusinthidwa. Zolemba za CBN zodziwika bwino zimakhala ndi chamfer yoyipa pamphepete. Kuyika kwa CBN koyipa kumeneku kumakhala kofewa pamakina. Pamene chogwiritsira ntchito chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zinthuzo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsera mphamvu ya CBN. kuuma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo geometry ya m'mphepete mwake imasinthidwa, zida zogwirira ntchito zolimba za 45-50 HRC zitha kudulidwa bwino.

Kuyika kwa S117 HORN grooving kopangidwa ndi kampani kumagwiritsa ntchito nsonga ya PCBN, ndipo kuya kwa kudula kuli pafupifupi 0.15-0.2 mm pamene m'lifupi mwa gear wadulidwa ndendende. Kuti akwaniritse bwino pamwamba pake, tsambalo limakhala ndi ndege yowonongeka kumbali zonse ziwiri.

Njira ina ndikusintha magawo odulira. Malingana ndi Index's Economan, "Mutatha kudula muzitsulo zowumitsidwa, magawo akuluakulu odula angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngati kuya kolimba ndi 0.13mm kapena 0.25mm kokha, mutatha kudula mozama izi, mwina masamba osiyana amasinthidwa kapena akugwiritsabe ntchito tsamba lomwelo, koma onjezani magawo odulidwa ku mlingo woyenera."

Pofuna kuphimba osiyanasiyana processing, PCBN tsamba magiredi zikuchulukirachulukira. Magiredi olimba kwambiri amalola kuthamanga kwachangu, pomwe magiredi okhala ndi kulimba bwino atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osakhazikika. Pa kudula mosalekeza kapena kusokonezedwa, magiredi osiyanasiyana a PCBN angagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Sumitomo Electric a Maton ananena kuti chifukwa cha brittleness wa zida PCBN, lakuthwa kudula m'mphepete sachedwa chipping pamene Machining anaumitsa zitsulo. "Tiyenera kuteteza m'mphepete mwake, makamaka pakudula kosokonekera, m'mphepete mwake muyenera kukonzedwa kuposa kudula mosalekeza, ndipo mbali yodulira iyenera kukhala yayikulu."

Iskar' magiredi atsopano a IB10H ndi IB20H amakulitsanso mzere wake wazogulitsa wa Groove Turn PCBN. IB10H ndi bwino-grained PCBN kalasi kwa sing'anga ndi mkulu liwiro mosalekeza kudula zitsulo zolimba; pomwe IB20H imakhala ndi njere za PCBN zabwino komanso zapakatikati, zomwe zimapereka kukana kwabwino komanso kukana mphamvu. The bwino akhoza kupirira zinthu zovuta za chitsulo chowumitsa anasokoneza kudula. Njira yolephereka ya chida cha PCBN iyenera kukhala yodula m'malo mosweka mwadzidzidzi kapena kusweka.

Gulu la BNC30G lopangidwa ndi PCBN lomwe linayambitsidwa ndi Sumitomo Electric limagwiritsidwa ntchito posokoneza zitsulo zolimba zachitsulo. Pakukula kosalekeza, kampaniyo imalimbikitsa kalasi yake ya BN250 universal blade. Maton anati, "Podula mosalekeza, tsambalo limadulidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zidzapangitse kutentha kwakukulu. Choncho, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba ndi kukana kwabwino. Pankhani ya grooving yapakatikati, tsambalo limalowa mosalekeza ndikutuluka ndikudula. Limakhudza kwambiri nsonga. Choncho, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba la hema kuti likhale lolimba kuti lipirire bwino. zimathandizanso kuwonjezera moyo wa zida. "

Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa groove womwe umapangidwa, zokambirana zomwe poyamba zinkadalira kugaya kuti zimalize zitsulo zolimba zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala grooving ndi zida za PCBN kuti ziwonjezere zokolola. Kupukuta molimba kumatha kukwaniritsa kulondola kofanana ndi kugaya, pomwe kumachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yopanga makina.