Slotting Of Hardened Karfe Tare da PCBN Cutter

Slotting na taurin karfe tare da PCBN abun yanka

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, daidaitattun sassa na ƙarfe mai tauri tare da abin da ake saka polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) ya maye gurbin niƙa na gargajiya a hankali. Tyler Economan, manajan injiniya na bayyani a Index, Amurka, ya ce, "Gaba ɗaya, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa shine mafi kwanciyar hankali tsari wanda ke ba da daidaito mafi girma fiye da grooving. Duk da haka, har yanzu mutane suna so su iya kammala aikin a kan lathe. Ana buƙatar sarrafawa iri-iri. "

Daban-daban workpiece kayan da aka taurare sun hada da high gudun karfe, mutu karfe, hali karfe da gami karfe. Ƙarfe na ƙarfe ne kawai za a iya taurare, kuma ana amfani da matakan taurara ga ƙananan karafa na carbon. Ta hanyar jiyya na hardening, za a iya sanya taurin waje na workpiece mafi girma da kuma sawa, yayin da ciki yana da mafi kyawun ƙarfi. Sassan da aka yi da ƙarfe mai tauri sun haɗa da mandrels, axles, connectors, wheel wheels, camshafts, gears, bushings, tuƙi tuƙi, bearings, da makamantansu.

Koyaya, "kayan wuya" dangi ne, canza ra'ayi. Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa kayan aiki tare da taurin 40-55 HRC kayan aiki ne masu wuya; wasu sun yi imanin cewa taurin kayan aiki ya kamata ya zama 58-60 HRC ko mafi girma. A cikin wannan rukunin, ana iya amfani da kayan aikin PCBN.

Bayan induction hardening, saman taurare Layer na iya zama har zuwa 1.5mm lokacin farin ciki da taurin zai iya kai 58-60 HRC, yayin da kayan da ke ƙasa da saman Layer yawanci yafi taushi. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa yawancin yankan ana yin su a ƙasa da ƙasa mai tauri.

Kayan aikin injin tare da isassun ƙarfi da tsauri sune yanayin da ake buƙata don tsaga sassa masu tauri. A cewar Economan, "Mafi kyawun ƙarfin injin na'ura kuma mafi girman ƙarfin, mafi inganci da tsangwama na kayan daɗaɗɗen kayan aiki. Don kayan aiki na kayan aiki tare da taurin fiye da 50 HRC, kayan aikin injin haske da yawa ba su cika ka'idodin yankan da ake buƙata ba. Idan ƙarfin na'ura (ikon, juzu'i, kuma musamman tsauri) ya wuce, ba za a iya kammala mashin ɗin cikin nasara ba. "

Rigidity yana da matukar mahimmanci ga na'urar da ke riƙe da kayan aiki saboda yanayin lamba na yanki tare da kayan aiki yana da girma a lokacin aikin tsagi, kuma kayan aiki yana haifar da matsananciyar matsa lamba akan aikin. A lokacin da clamping taurara karfe workpieces, m matsa za a iya amfani da su watsar da clamping surface. Paul Ratzki, manajan tallace-tallace na Sumitomo Electric Hard Alloy Co., ya ce, "Sassan da za a yi aikin dole ne a tallafa musu da ƙarfi. Lokacin da ake yin taurare kayan aiki, rawar jiki da matsa lamba na kayan aiki sun fi girma fiye da lokacin da ake yin mashin ɗin na yau da kullun, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙwanƙwasa workpiece.

Shank ɗin da ke riƙe da abin da ake sakawa ya kamata ya zama gajere gwargwadon yuwuwar don rage yawan wuce gona da iri da ƙara tsaurin kayan aiki. Matthew Schmitz, manajan samfuran GRIP a Isca, ya nuna cewa gabaɗaya, kayan aikin monolithic sun fi dacewa da tsaga kayan da aka taurare. Koyaya, kamfanin kuma yana ba da tsarin tsagi na zamani. "Za a iya amfani da shank na zamani a cikin yanayin injina inda kayan aikin ke da saurin gazawa," in ji shi. "Ba dole ba ne ku maye gurbin duka shank ɗin, kawai kuna buƙatar maye gurbin kayan da ba su da tsada. Hakanan modular shank yana ba da zaɓuɓɓukan machining iri-iri. Ana iya shigar da tsarin na'ura na Iskar Grip a cikin nau'o'in samfurori daban-daban. Kuna iya amfani da mariƙin kayan aiki tare da nau'i daban-daban na 7 don layin samfurin 7 ko kowane adadin ruwan wukake don sarrafawa daban-daban layin samfurin guda tare da fadin ramin. "

Sumitomo Ema'ajin kayan aiki na lectric don riko nau'in nau'in nau'in CGA suna amfani da hanyar ƙulla saman da ke jan ruwa baya cikin mariƙin. Wannan mariƙin kuma yana fasalta ƙuƙumi na gefe don taimakawa haɓaka kwanciyar hankali da tsawaita rayuwar kayan aiki. Rich Maton, mataimakin manajan na kamfanin ta zane sashen, ya ce, "Wannan kayan aiki mariƙin da aka tsara domin grooving na taurare workpieces. Idan ruwa motsa a mariƙin, da ruwa sa a kan lokaci da kuma kayan aiki rayuwa canje-canje. Domin high-productivity machining bukatun na mota masana'antu (kamar 50-100 ko 150), da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci na iya yin tsinkaya a cikin kayan aiki na rayuwa, da kayan aiki na musamman na iya yankewa ta hanyar yankewa. gagarumin tasiri kan samarwa."

A cewar rahotanni, Mitsubishi Materials' GY jerin Tri-Lock na zamani tsarin tsagi yana da kwatankwacin tsayin daka zuwa gaɓoɓin ruwa. Tsarin ya dogara da riƙon tsagi daga wurare uku (na gefe, gaba da sama). Tsarinsa na tsari guda biyu yana hana ruwa daga gudun hijira a lokacin tsagi: tsinkayar nau'in V yana hana ruwa daga motsawa zuwa bangarorin; Maɓallin aminci yana kawar da motsi na gaba na ruwan wuka da aka yi ta hanyar yankan ƙarfi yayin aikin mashin ɗin.

Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su don ɓangarorin ƙarfe masu tauri sun haɗa da sassauƙan madauri mai sauƙi, abin da ake sakawa, abubuwan da aka saka, da makamantansu. Gabaɗaya, ana buƙatar raƙuman da aka yanke don samun kyakkyawan yanayin gamawa saboda suna da rabon mating, wasu kuma O-rings ko tsagi na zobe. A cewar Mark Menconi, ƙwararren samfurin a Mitsubishi Materials, "Wadannan matakai za a iya raba su zuwa diamita diamita na ciki da kuma na waje diamita tsagi machining, amma mafi yawan grooving ayyuka na bukatar lafiya yankan, ciki har da haske taba madaidaici daga game da 0.25 mm zurfin yanke. Yanke zuwa cikakken yanke tare da zurfin game da 0.5mm."

Ƙarƙashin ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana buƙatar amfani da kayan aiki tare da taurin mafi girma, mafi kyawun juriya da juriya mai dacewa. Makullin shine a gano ko yakamata a yi amfani da abin saka carbide, abin saka yumbu ko abin saka PCBN. Schmitz ya ce, "Kusan koyaushe ina zabar abubuwan da ake saka carbide lokacin da ake yin kayan aiki tare da taurin da ke ƙasa da 50 HRC. Don kayan aiki tare da taurin 50-58 HRC, abubuwan saka yumbu zaɓi ne na tattalin arziki kawai. kayan aiki / workpiece dubawa.

Don tsaga sassan ƙarfe masu tauri tare da taurin sama da 58 HRC, sarrafa guntu ba matsala bane. Tunda busassun busassun ana amfani da su, kwakwalwan kwamfuta sun fi kama da ƙura ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ana iya cire su ta hanyar bugun hannu. Maton na Sumitomo Electric ya ce, “Yawanci, irin wannan tawadar takan karye kuma ta wargaje idan ta buge wani abu, don haka tuntuɓar swarf da kayan aikin ba zai lalata kayan aikin ba. Idan ka kama ƙugiya, za su farfasa a hannunka. ”

Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa na'urorin CBN suka dace don yanke bushewa shi ne, duk da cewa juriya na zafi yana da kyau sosai, aikin sarrafawa yana raguwa sosai idan yanayin zafi ya tashi. Economan ya ce, "A gaskiya, lokacin da CBN ke hulɗa da kayan aiki, yana haifar da zafi na yankewa a kan tip, amma saboda abin da CBN ya yi ba shi da sauƙi ga canjin yanayin zafi, yana da wuya a yi sanyi sosai don kula da yawan zafin jiki. Jiha CBN yana da wuyar gaske, amma kuma yana da karyewa kuma yana iya fashe saboda canjin yanayi."

Lokacin yankan sassa na ƙarfe tare da ƙananan tauri (kamar 45-50 HRC) tare da siminti carbide, yumbu ko abubuwan PCBN, kwakwalwan da aka samar yakamata su kasance gajere gwargwadon yiwu. Wannan yana kawar da zafi na yankewa a cikin kayan aiki a lokacin aikin yankewa saboda kwakwalwan kwamfuta na iya ɗaukar zafi mai yawa.

ShinKar's Schmitz kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa a sarrafa kayan aikin a cikin yanayin "juyawa". Ya bayyana cewa, "Lokacin shigar da kayan aiki a kan kayan aikin injin, kayan aikin injin ɗin da aka fi so ana sanya shi ta hanyar yanke ruwan fuska sama, saboda hakan yana ba da damar jujjuyawar aikin don yin matsin ƙasa a kan layin injin don kiyaye injin ɗin ya tsaya tsayin daka. kuma guntuwar za ta kuɓuta ta atomatik daga yankin yanke ƙarƙashin aikin nauyi."

Ƙarƙashin ƙasa hanya ce mai sauƙi don inganta taurin ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon. Ka'idar ita ce ƙara abun ciki na carbon a wani zurfin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin saman kayan. Lokacin da zurfin tsagi ya wuce kauri na saman da aka taurare, wasu matsaloli na iya tasowa saboda canjin tsagi daga abu mai wuya zuwa abu mai laushi. Don wannan karshen, masana'antun kayan aiki sun haɓaka maki da yawa don nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban.

Duane Drape, manajan tallace-tallace a Horn (Amurka), ya ce, "Lokacin da canza daga abu mai wuya zuwa abu mai laushi, mai amfani ba koyaushe yana so ya canza ruwa ba, don haka dole ne mu nemo kayan aiki mafi kyau don irin wannan mashin. Za mu iya amfani da sulhu: babban taurin carbide abun da ake sakawa + super lubricated coatings, ko in mun gwada da taushi CBN saka maki + yankan abun da ake sakawa dace da yankan gama gari (maimakon machining).

Drape ya ce, "Za ka iya amfani da CBN abun da ake sakawa don yadda ya kamata yanke workpiece kayan da taurin na 45-50 HRC, amma da ruwa geometry dole ne a gyara. Yawanci CBN abun da ake sakawa da korau chamfer a kan yankan gefen. Geometry na yankan gefen an canza, kayan aiki tare da taurin 45-50 HRC za a iya samun nasarar yanke.

S117 HORN saƙa da aka ƙera da kamfanin yana amfani da tip na PCBN, kuma zurfin yanke shine kusan 0.15-0.2 mm lokacin da faɗin gear ya yanke daidai. Don cimma kyakkyawan sakamako mai kyau, ruwa yana da jirgin sama mai gogewa akan kowane yanki na yanke a bangarorin biyu.

Wani zaɓi shine canza sigogin yanke. A cewar Index's Economan, "Bayan yankewa ta hanyar daɗaɗɗen Layer, za'a iya amfani da ma'auni mafi girma. Idan zurfin zurfin ya kasance kawai 0.13mm ko 0.25mm, bayan yanke ta cikin wannan zurfin, ko dai an maye gurbin nau'i daban-daban ko har yanzu Yi amfani da wannan ruwa, amma ƙara matakan yanke zuwa matakin da ya dace. "

Domin rufe kewayon sarrafawa da yawa, PCBN maki yana ƙaruwa. Makin taurin mafi girma yana ba da izinin yanke saurin sauri, yayin da maki tare da mafi kyawu za a iya amfani da shi a cikin wuraren sarrafawa marasa ƙarfi. Don ci gaba ko yanke yanke, ana iya amfani da makin saka PCBN daban-daban. Sumitomo Electric's Maton ya yi nuni da cewa, saboda gazawar kayan aikin PCBN, ɓangarorin yankan kaifi suna da saurin yin guntuwa a lokacin da ake yin taurin ƙarfe. "Dole ne mu kare gefen yanke, musamman a cikin yanke yanke, ya kamata a shirya yankan fiye da ci gaba da yankewa, kuma kusurwar yanke ya kamata ya fi girma."

Iskar&Sabbin maki na IB10H da IB20H na 39 sun kara fadada layin samfur na Groove Turn PCBN. IB10H shine darajar PCBN mai kyau mai kyau don matsakaici zuwa babban sauri ci gaba da yankan taurin karfe; yayin da IB20H ya ƙunshi nauyin hatsi mai kyau da matsakaici na PCBN, yana ba da juriya mai kyau da juriya mai tasiri. Ma'auni na iya jure wa yanayi mafi muni na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe da aka katse yanke. Yanayin gazawar al'ada na kayan aikin PCBN ya kamata ya zama abin yankan ya ƙare maimakon tsagewa kwatsam.

Makin PCBN mai rufi na BNC30G wanda Sumitomo Electric ya gabatar ana amfani da shi don tsagaitawar kayan aikin ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Don ci gaba da tsagi, kamfanin yana ba da shawarar darajar BN250 ta duniya. Maton ya ce, "Lokacin da aka yanke ci gaba, an yanke ruwa na dogon lokaci, wanda zai haifar da zafi mai yawa. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a yi amfani da ruwa mai kyau tare da juriya mai kyau.

Ba tare da la'akari da nau'in tsagi da ake sarrafa shi ba, tarurrukan da a baya suka dogara da niƙa don gama sassan ƙarfe masu tauri za a iya jujjuya su zuwa tsintsiya tare da kayan aikin PCBN don haɓaka yawan aiki. Tsagi mai wuya na iya cimma daidaiton girman girman kwatankwacin nika, yayin da rage lokacin mashin ɗin sosai.