Ubuchwepheshe bokusika insimbi nesimo sokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi

Ubuchwepheshe bokusika insimbi nesimo sokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ngenxa yempumelelo enezithelo zesayensi nobuchwepheshe njenge-microelectronics, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi, nesayensi yezinto zokwakha, kanye nokusheshisa inqubekelaphambili yobunjiniyela, kuthuthukiswe intuthuko esheshayo yokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kuye kwaba nemiphumela ephawulekayo. Inqubekelaphambili ibe negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho womhlaba futhi ihlonishwa njengenjini yomnotho womhlaba.

Uma sifingqa lo mlando, sibuyekeza ukuthuthuka komphakathi wesintu, umnotho kanye nempucuko, ohulumeni banokuqonda okusha ngokubaluleka kokukhiqiza: nanamuhla, lapho izimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nezisathuthuka ziwuthuthukise kakhulu umnotho, ukukhiqiza kusewumnotho wezwe. Nesisekelo samandla aphelele. Ukunaka nokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezokukhiqiza sekuphenduke izwe elinamandla emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi izwe elisathuthuka njenge-China, elilethe amathuba angandile kanye nezinselelo ezintsha ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokusika insimbi, okuwubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe, buye bathuthuka ngokushesha, futhi sebungene esigabeni esisha sentuthuko esibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kokusika ngesivinini esikhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ezintsha zokusika nezindlela zokucubungula, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kobuchwepheshe obuphelele bokucubungula. Lokhu kusekelwe ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthuka okuphelele kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, izinhlelo zokulawula, izinto zamathuluzi, ubuchwepheshe bokumboza, ukwakheka kwamathuluzi nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Imiphumela ephelele ekhiqizwe yinkampani ikhuthaze inqubekelaphambili jikelele yobuchwepheshe bokusika. Letha izinga eliphelele ezingeni elisha. Isici esiyinhloko kanye nesici sobuchwepheshe salokhu kuphakama yijubane eliphezulu lokusika (Ithebula 1), ukumaka inqubo yokusika ibe yisigaba esisha sokusika ngesivinini esikhulu.

Kuze kube manje, ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe kanye nophawu olubalulekile, okuba ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile embonini yokukhiqiza, imboni yezimoto, imboni ye-aerospace, imboni yokubumba kanye neminye imikhakha yezimboni ezinkulu. Emazweni anezimboni, ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu sekuphenduke ubuchwepheshe obusha obusebenzayo. Ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokusika ngesivinini esiphezulu sekuyisinyathelo esibalulekile kumabhizinisi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokuhola kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuncintisana. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokusika obuthuthukisiwe obumelwe ubuchwepheshe bokusika ngesivinini esiphezulu sekuyisivumelwano emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Ukusika ubuchwepheshe kanye nesimo sokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi

Okokuqala, idale ubuchwepheshe obusha njengokusika ngesivinini esikhulu, okuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula.

Ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu kuveza inzuzo eyingqayizivele njengenqubo entsha yokusika. Okokuqala, ukusebenza kahle kokusika kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu. Uma sithatha umshini wezingcezu ezinhlanu zenjini yemoto njengesibonelo, eminyakeni eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu edlule, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuye kwathuthukiswa izikhathi ezingaba ngu-1 kuya kwezingu-2, njenge-PCD face milling cutter yokucubungula amakhanda e-aluminium alloy cylinder. Ijubane lokugaya selifinyelele ku-4021m/min kanti izinga lokuphakelayo lingu-5670mm/min, eliphindwe kabili uma liqhathaniswa nolayini wokukhiqiza owethulwa e-China ekuqaleni kwawo-1990. Isibonelo, i-CBN face milling cutter yokuqedela amasilinda ensimbi ampunga inesivinini sokugaya esingu-2000m/ Min, esiphindwe ka-10 kunesisiki sokugaya sobuso be-carbide. Okwesibili, ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu nakho kuyazuzisa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, nokunciphisa izikhathi zokuhola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe bokusika ngesivinini esikhulu, ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana nokusika okomile (ukusika okomile, ukusika i-micro-lubricating), ukusika kanzima (ngokugaya imoto, ukugaya nokugaya) kuye kwathuthukiswa, okungagcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kodwa futhi kuguqule isiko. Imingcele yemisebenzi ehlukene yokusika, nokudala inkathi entsha yokusika ukukhiqiza "ukukhiqiza okuluhlaza." Ubuchwepheshe bokusika kanzima sebuphenduke inqubo entsha esebenza kahle kakhulu yomshini wembobo yangaphakathi yegiya lemoto kanye nokucubungula isikhunta esiqinile. Umfanekiso 1 ukhombisa isikhunta sokucubungula i-65HRC.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinqubo zemishini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu noma izinqubo zokukhiqiza okuphezulu (HPM, HSM) ezinamazinga aphezulu okuphakelayo ziye zavela ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezihlukene zokucubungula, okubonisa amandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokusika ngesivinini esikhulu.

Okwesibili, ukusebenza kwamathuluzi ahlukahlukene asekelwe ezintweni ze-carbide zikasimende kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokuphelele.

Ukusebenza kwe-carbide enosimende kuthuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi indawo yesicelo iyakhuliswa, okuba yithuluzi eliyinhloko lokusika, elidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kokusika ukusebenza kahle. Eyokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziqinile ze-alloy eziqinile, ezihlanjululwe kahle, ezithuthukisa kakhulu amandla nokuqina kwezinto ze-carbide zikasimende. Amathuluzi e-alloy eqinile ewonke enziwe ngayo, ikakhulukazi inhloso evamile yokubhoboza izingcezu ezinkulu nezimaphakathi. Amathuluzi afana nezigayo zokugcina nompompi asetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni samathuluzi ensimbi esivinini esikhulu, akhulisa isivinini sokusika nokusebenza kahle komshini izikhathi ezimbalwa. Ithuluzi lendawo yonke elinenani elikhulu lobuso lilethwa ebangeni lokusika ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi inqubo yokusika ifakwe ngokugcwele. Ingxenye yesiteji sokusika isibekiwe. Njengamanje, lonke ithuluzi eliqinile le-carbide seliwumkhiqizo ojwayelekile wezinkampani zamathuluzi zasekhaya nezangaphandle, futhi lizosetshenziswa kabanzi njengoba lonke izinga lokucubungula ukusika lithuthukiswa. Njengamanje, i-Hunan Diamond Carbide Tools Co., Ltd., i-Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd., i-Siping Xinggong Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. namanye amabhizinisi angakhiqiza izigayo zokugcina ze-carbide eziqinile, ompompi, imishini yokubhoboza neminye imikhiqizo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, Hunan. Ithuluzi eliqinile le-carbide elikhiqizwa yi-Diamond Carbide.Akugcini lapho, kodwa ama-carbide aqinile nawo asetshenziswa kwamanye amathuluzi okwakha ayinkimbinkimbi. Okwesibili, ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinqubo ezintsha ezifana ne-cemented carbide pressure sintering kuye kwathuthukisa ikhwalithi yangaphakathi ye-carbide enosimende; kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamabanga akhethekile ngezidingo ezahlukene zokucubungula, futhi kwathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-carbide enosimende. Endabeni yezinto eziyisisekelo zebanga lokufaka i-carbide ehlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali, i-carbide ehlanganisiwe enezinga eliqinile elinokumelana okuhle nokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kanye nendawo eqinile yathuthukiswa, okuthuthukise ukusebenza kokusika kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kwe-carbide ehlanganisiwe enosimende.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zamathuluzi e-ceramic kanye ne-cermet ziye zanda, amandla nokuqina kuye kwathuthukiswa, inkambu yesicelo kanye nobubanzi bokucubungula kuye kwandiswa, futhi i-alloy eqinile ishintshiwe ekuqedeni nasekuqedeni kwe-semi-finition yensimbi nensimbi, okuye kwathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Njengamanje, izinto ezinjalo zamathuluzi zingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ekukhiqizeni okukodwa, i-batch encane, kodwa futhi ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi bemigqa yokuhlangana, futhi ngenxa yentengo ephansi, ingasetshenziswa njengethuluzi elithandwayo lokusika okomile nokusika kanzima.

Ukuqina kwe-PCD kanye ne-CBN yamathuluzi aqinile kakhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kwenze insimu yesicelo yanda. Amathuluzi ayisicefe we-Cylinder enziwe nge-CBN asetshenziswe emigqeni yokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nasekucutshungulweni kwe-cast iron kanye ne-hardware yokucisha, futhi anwetshiwe kusukela ensimini yokuqedela kuya ensimini yokuqeda kancane, okuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokusika. I-aluminium alloy iyinto ebalulekile embonini ye-aerospace kanye nemboni yezimoto. Ukucubungula okuphezulu kwe-aluminium alloy kuwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kule mikhakha emibili yezimboni. Njengamanje, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwamathuluzi ahlukahlukene asebenza kahle kakhulu enziwe nge-PCD, ukusebenza kahle kokusika kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, okuphezulu kakhulu. Ijubane lokusika selifinyelele ku-7000m/min. Imikhiqizo inwetshiwe kusukela kumathuluzi okuqala okuguqula kanye nezisiki zokugaya ubuso ukuze ziqede izigayo, izinsimbi zokubhoboza, izixhumi, amathuluzi okwenza, njll.; I-PCD futhi iyona kuphela ithuluzi elisebenzayo lokucubungula izinto ezingezona ezensimbi njengegraphite nezinto zokwenziwa. Kungabonakala kusengaphambili ukuthi ngokukhuthazwa kwamathuluzi e-CBN kanye ne-PCD, izinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi zizokhula ngokuqhubekayo, futhi insimu yesicelo izonwetshwa ngokwengeziwe, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kokucutshungulwa kokucubungula ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini enesivinini esikhulu nokusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zensimbi ezinesivinini esikhulu kusakhulunywa ngakho ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zamathuluzi. Nakuba ukuthengiswa kwamathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu namathuluzi e-carbide enosimende kuncipha cishe ngo-5% ngonyaka, insimbi ye-cobalt esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-powder metallurgy insimbi yejubane eliphezulu kuyanda. Lezi zinsimbi ezimbili ezisebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu zinomlando omude, zikwazi ukumelana nokugqoka okungcono, ubulukhuni obomvu nokuthembeka kunensimbi evamile enesivinini esikhulu, ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kwensimbi ye-powder metallurgy high-speed, kodwa ngenxa yenani eliphezulu, esetshenziswa embonini ye-aerospace ukucubungula izinto ezinzima. Ngokuphishekela ukusika ukusebenza kahle kanye noshintsho lomqondo, lawa mathuluzi ensimbi asebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu aqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi emigqeni ezenzakalelayo, njengama-drill, izigayo zokugcina, ompompi kanye namanye amathuluzi enhloso evamile kanye nabasiki begiya, ama-broaches namanye amathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi. Kutholwe isivinini esithuthukisiwe sokusika kanye nekhwalithi yomshini, ukusetshenziswa okuthembekile nempilo yamathuluzi enwetshiwe. Eminyakeni yamuva, amathuluzi ashiwo ngenhla enziwe ngensimbi enesivinini esiphezulu anwetshiwe futhi asetshenziswa ekucubunguleni okujwayelekile, futhi abe umkhiqizo ovamile wamathuluzi ensimbi angaphandle ngesivinini esikhulu.

Ngamafuphi, ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zamathuluzi, i-carbide enosimende idlala indima ehamba phambili, kodwa ukusebenza kwezinye izinto zamathuluzi nakho kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, kwandiswa izindawo zabo zokufaka izicelo, kwakha izinto ezihlukahlukene zamathuluzi. Kunezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa obushintshanisa omunye nomunye ukugcwalisa iphethini iyonke. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele nokushesha kwezinto zamathuluzi kuye kwabeka isisekelo sokusika insimbi yanamuhla enesivinini esikhulu, esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Okwesithathu, ukumboza kuwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamathuluzi.

Ubuchwepheshe bokugqoka ithuluzi budlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amathuluzi anamuhla okusika nokusika. Ithuthuke ngokushesha kakhulu kusukela yasungulwa, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva. I-Chemical coating (CVD) kuseyinqubo eyinhloko yokuhlanganisa yokufaka okunenkomba. Izinqubo ezintsha ezifana ne-CVD yezinga lokushisa eliphakathi, ifilimu ewugqinsi i-aluminium oxide, nongqimba olushintshayo lwenziwe. Ngokusekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziyisisekelo, i-CVD coating imelana. Kokubili ukugqoka nokuqina kuyathuthukiswa; Izembatho zedayimane ze-CVD nazo zenze inqubekelaphambili, zathuthukisa ukuqedwa kwendawo yokumboza nokungena esigabeni esisebenzayo. Njengamanje, isilinganiso sokumboza se-carbide indexable yangaphandle sesifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-70%. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, inqubekelaphambili yokugqoka ngokomzimba (PVD) iye yabonakala ikakhulukazi, futhi inqubekelaphambili enkulu yenziwe esakhiweni somlilo, inqubo, nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, futhi hhayi kuphela ukumelana nokushisa okulungele ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu, ukusika okomile, nokusika kanzima kuye kwathuthukiswa. Izembatho ezingcono, ezifana ne-Super TiAlN, kanye ne-TiAlCN yenjongo evamile esebenza kangcono kukonke kanye ne-DLC, i-W/C anti-friction coatings, nangokusungulwa kokusha kwesakhiwo sokumboza, kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo ze-nano- nezendlalelo eziningi, Ithuthukisa ubulukhuni bokunamathela kanye nokuqina. Ithebula lesi-2 libonisa izambatho zakamuva ezivela enkampanini yaseSwitzerland i-PLATIT.

Ukuthuthukiswa okusha kobuchwepheshe bokugqoka i-PVD kusibonisa izinzuzo ezinkulu ezingaba khona futhi eziyingqayizivele zobuchwepheshe bokugqoka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwamathuluzi: izigqoko ezintsha zingathuthukiswa ngokulawulwa kwemingcele yenqubo yokugqoka kanye nokulungiswa kwethagethi kanye namagesi okuphendula. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokucubungula ukwehlukahlukana, kuwubuchwepheshe obusheshayo nobukahle bokuthuthukisa nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwamathuluzi, futhi bunethuba elibanzi kakhulu lohlelo lokusebenza.

Okwesine, ukusungulwa kwesakhiwo samathuluzi kuguqule ubuso kanye nomsebenzi owodwa wamathuluzi ajwayelekile wendabuko.

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yokukhiqiza, izimboni ezibalulekile ezifana nemboni yezimoto, imboni ye-aerospace kanye nemboni yesikhunta ziye zabeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokucubungula ukusika, futhi zakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamathuluzi angenakulinganiswa. Isethi ekhethekile yamathuluzi ethuthukiswe umugqa wokuhlanganisa imboni yezimoto iphule umkhuba wendabuko wokuhlinzeka ngamathuluzi lapho ifuneka futhi “ukwenziwa kweminyango evaliwe”, futhi isibe isici esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula obusha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula nokonga ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokudlala indima entsha. Umfanekiso wesi-3 uyisisiki sokugaya esinesivinini esikhulu senqubo entsha ye-WIDIA yomshini we-crankshaft.

Imboni yesikhunta ibonakala ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ucezu olulodwa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-batch encane, ubulukhuni obukhulu bezinto zokubumba, ukucubungula okunzima, ukuma okuyinkimbinkimbi, inani elikhulu lokususwa kwensimbi, isikhathi esifushane sokulethwa, futhi ibe amandla okushayela okunamandla okuqanjwa kwamathuluzi angenakulinganiswa, njengama-Functional face milling cutters, ama-ball end milling cutters, ama-modular end Milling systems, kusukela ekusikeni okukhulu kokusika izinsimbi zokuthuthukiswa, ukusika njll. 1990s, imboni yesikhunta iseyindawo yokuzalwa yezinqubo ezintsha zokusika ngesivinini esikhulu, ukusika kanzima kanye nezinqubo zokusika ezomile.

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemboni ye-aerospace ukuze kucutshungulwe kahle izingxenye ezinkulu zengxubevange ye-aluminium, kuye kwathuthukiswa umshini omusha we-aluminium osebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu we-alloy face milling cutter namanye amathuluzi. Umfanekiso wesi-4 uyisigayo sobuso esinesivinini esikhulu esivela e-Sandvik, esinesivinini esiphezulu esingu-24000r/min kanye nesivinini sokusika. Ingu-6000m/min.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuye kwavela izakhiwo ezintsha zokufaka okunenkomba, njengama-blister blades asebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze ajike, ama-milling cutter anosayizi oyinkimbinkimbi anamakhona angaphambili, ama-ball-end end blades, nama-anti-smashing blades anesivinini esiphezulu. Ama-cutter blades nokunye.

Ngokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi womshini wokugaya wethuluzi le-CNC wokuxhumanisa ithuluzi le-CNC kanye nokuthandwa kokusetshenziswa kwawo, imingcele yejiyomethri yamathuluzi ajwayelekile wendawo yonke njengezigayo zokugcina kanye nezinsimbi zokubhoboza zihlukahluka kakhulu, ezishintsha iphethini yakudala yamathuluzi ajwayelekile endabuko futhi angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinto ezicutshunguliwe ezahlukene kanye nezimo zokucutshungulwa, ukusika ukusebenza kwanda ngokufanele. Ezinye izakhiwo ezintsha nazo zikhiqiza imiphumela emisha yokusika, njengezigayo zokuphela kwe-engeli ye-helix engalingani. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezigayo zokuphela ezijwayelekile, izigayo zokuphela kwe-engeli ye-helix ezingalingani zinganqanda ngempumelelo ukudlidliza kwamathuluzi, zithuthukise ukuqedwa komshini, futhi andise amathuluzi. Ukujula kokusika kanye nezinga lokuphakelayo. Isibonelo, ukubhoboza okuhlukahlukene kwe-carbide kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zethiphu yokubhoboza nezinhlobo ezihlukene zemisele, Umfanekiso wesi-5 uyizingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokubhoboza kanye namafomu okugaya amathiphu ahlukene ezethulwe yi-Shanghai Tool Works Co., Ltd. ukuze uzivumelanise nezinto ezihlukahlukene. Ukuthuthukiswa kompompi be-carbide kanye ne-carbide thread milling cutters kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucutshungulwa kwentambo kuya ezingeni lokusika ngesivinini esikhulu. Ikakhulukazi, abasiki be-carbide thread milling abagcini nje ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa futhi banokuguquguquka okuhle, okungagcina izindleko zamathuluzi.

Okwesihlanu, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe obusekelayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokusika buthuthukiswa kancane kancane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokusika. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bokusika besimanje futhi igcina intuthuko esheshayo ngobuchwepheshe bokusika namathuluzi, okuhlanganisa phakathi kwesibambi samathuluzi kanye ne-spindle yethuluzi lomshini. Indlela yokuxhuma, ukugoqa ithuluzi kusibambi samathuluzi, ibhalansi yesistimu yamathuluzi nokuphathwa kwamathuluzi.

I-hollow taper shank (i-HSK) yomshini wokusebenzisa ithuluzi ezinhlangothi zombili inezinzuzo zokuqinile kokuxhumeka, ukunemba kokuma okuphezulu, ukulayisha okufushane kanye nesikhathi sokuthulula, njll. Ukukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe sekusetshenziswe kabanzi kakhulu (Umfanekiso wesi-6). Isakhiwo salo mphathi wamathuluzi sesiphenduke indinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe esemthethweni, futhi sesamukelwe abakhiqizi abaningi bamathuluzi omshini. Yethule izikhungo zemishini enesivinini esikhulu ezinezixhumanisi zokuphotha ze-HSK nezinhlelo zamathuluzi noma amathuluzi ahlanganisiwe anabaphathi bamathuluzi e-HSK. Amandla anamandla nethemba lokusebenzisa okuhle kwalolu hlobo olusha lwesiphathi samathuluzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izinkampani zenze izakhiwo ze-shank ezifana ne-HSK, njenge-Sandvik's Capto shank kanye ne-Kennametal's KM shank. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuphinde kwaba nesixhumi esibonakalayo esingu-7:24 sokuxhumana okukabili noma ngisho nabathathu abathintwayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamathuluzi omshini akhona womshini onesivinini esikhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi azungezayo anesivinini esikhulu nakho kubeka izimfuno ezintsha ekubambeni kwamathuluzi. Kudinga ukunemba okuphezulu kokugoqa, ukuphuma kwe-radial

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesidingo sokulinganisela kanye nokuphepha kwamathuluzi ajikelezayo anesivinini esikhulu. Ngenxa ye-asymmetry yesakhiwo noma i-eccentricity ebangelwa amaphutha okukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa, kukhona ukungalingani phakathi kwesikhungo sokuzungezisa nokuzungezisa ngesivinini esikhulu. I-periodic radial force isebenza ohlelweni lokuthwala lwe-spindle ngisho nakwezinye izingxenye zomshini, okuthinta ikhwalithi yomshini, impilo yethuluzi nokusebenza komshini. Kulokhu, ukungalingani okuvunyelwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwejubane eliphezulu kwamathuluzi ajikelezayo anesivinini esiphezulu kucacisiwe; abakhiqizi bamathuluzi bathuthukise amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okulinganisa alungisekayo, noma amathuluzi ajikelezayo nezinhlelo zamathuluzi zokusika ngesivinini esikhulu ngaphambi kokulayisha ku-spindle. Ibhalansi emshinini wokulinganisa oguqukayo ukuze ukhawulele ukungalingani kububanzi obuthile. Ukuze kuncishiswe inani lokungalingani (i-eccentricity) elikhiqizwa ngemva kokuba ithuluzi lilayishwe ku-spindle, ubuchwepheshe obusha be-inthanethi bokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo bulinganisa i-spindle, shank kanye nethuluzi njengesistimu ye-rotor ngesivinini sokusebenza.

Ekusikeni ngesivinini esiphezulu, isivinini sethuluzi singaphezu kuka-10,000 ~ 20000r/min noma ngaphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingxenye ezibophayo zomzimba we-blade, i-blade kanye ne-blade zingaphansi kwamandla amakhulu we-centrifugal. Lapho isivinini sokujikeleza sifinyelela inani elithile elibucayi, lanele. I-blade iyakhishwa, noma isikulufu sokubopha siphukile, noma umzimba wonke uphukile. Uma kwenzeka lezi zimo, izinto zokusebenza noma ukulimala komuntu siqu kungabangela izingozi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ubuchwepheshe bokusika ngesivinini esikhulu. Kuze kube manje, iJalimane ithuthukise ukucaciswa kokuphepha kwamathuluzi ajikelezayo anesivinini esikhulu, anemithetho eqinile mayelana nokuklama, ukuhlola, ukusetshenziswa kanye nebhalansi yekhwalithi yethuluzi. Lokhu kucaciswa sekuphenduke indinganiso yaseYurophu kanye nendinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngokusho kwedatha, izindleko eziqondile zethuluzi zenza kuphela u-2% ~ 4% wezindleko zokukhiqiza, kuyilapho izindleko zokusetshenziswa nokuphathwa kwamathuluzi zingaphezu kuka-12%. Ukuphathwa kwamathuluzi esayensi kungonga umsebenzisi izindleko zamathuluzi futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphatha amathuluzi kanye nesofthiwe ehlobene ne-hardware sekuyibhizinisi labakhiqizi bamathuluzi, ukuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsizakalo zokuphatha amathuluzi, kusukela ekuphathweni kwezinto ezilula zamathuluzi kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwenkontileka yawo wonke amabhizinisi amathuluzi, okuhlanganisa ukuthengwa kweThuluzi, ukuhlonza, ukugcinwa, isevisi yasendaweni, ukugaya kabusha ithuluzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo, ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi, njll. isivuno sezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe.

Okwesithupha, imodeli yebhizinisi entsha yemboni yamathuluzi.

Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokusika, imboni yamathuluzi yenza izinguquko ezinhlelweni zokusebenza. Njengoba ubhekene nemodeli entsha yokukhiqiza kanye nezinto ezintsha zokusebenza, "amathuluzi" awaseyona imikhiqizo elula. Uma sezithengisiwe, ziyizici zezinqubo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa inqubo noma ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula umugqa. Abakhiqizi bamathuluzi kumele bakwazi Ukuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obuphelele ukuze basize abasebenzisi bafinyelele umgomo wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza sekuphenduke isiqondiso nenjongo yebhizinisi yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi labakhiqizi bangaphandle. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi bamathuluzi balethe imboni yamathuluzi esigabeni esiphezulu sokuthuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsizakalo zebhizinisi njengokuthi "ukukhonza abasebenzisi" kanye "nokunikeza izixazululo". Amaqiniso afakazele ukuthi lo mkhuba wabakhiqizi bamathuluzi bangaphandle uhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza, uletha izinzuzo eziningi kubasebenzisi futhi wamukelwe abasebenzisi.

Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokusika obusezingeni eliphezulu ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza yaseChina

IKhongolose Kazwelonke ye-16 yeQembu LamaKhomanisi laseShayina yabeka phambili umsebenzi wokwakha umphakathi ophumelelayo ngendlela yawo wonke kanye nokuqaphela ukuthuthuka kwezimboni ezintsha. Yashaya uphondo lwemashi yaseChina isuka emandleni okukhiqiza yaya emandleni okukhiqiza. Njengobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe, ithuluzi lokusika liyimishini yenqubo eyisisekelo. Isendaweni yokuqala kule mashi eyingqophamlando. Ubuchwepheshe bokusika obuthuthukisiwe kanye namathuluzi okusika ukuthuthukiswa kweChina kwemboni yezimoto, imboni yendiza, imboni yamandla kanye nemishini esekelayo. Okudingekayo embonini yesikhunta. Lapho sibhekene naleli thuba elikhulu kangaka, kufanele sisebenzise ngokugcwele ubuchwepheshe bokusika obuthuthukile kanye namathuluzi okusika ukuze sikhonze imboni yokukhiqiza yaseChina.

KulokhuEkugcineni, imboni yamathuluzi yaseShayina isheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwayo nemboni yamathuluzi yomhlaba wonke, yethula imishini yenqubo ethuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe ngoguquko lwezobuchwepheshe, nokuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yamathuluzi esezingeni lokuqala. Izinkampani ezimbili ezihamba phambili embonini yamathuluzi yaseChina - I-Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group kanye ne-Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd. zihole ekwenzeni uguquko lwezobuchwepheshe olunesiqalo esiphakeme kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, okwenze ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okufakwayo okunenkomba namathuluzi aqinile e-carbide e-China bavaleka. Izinga eliphezulu emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkampani zamathuluzi zakwamanye amazwe zibhekene nentuthuko esheshayo yemboni yokukhiqiza yaseShayina kanye nethuba lokuthuthuka ngokushesha, ukusheshisa ijubane lokukhiqiza noma isevisi yendawo eShayina, ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa amakhono esevisi, kanye nokunciphisa izikhathi zokuhola. Kuthiwa ukungena kwezinkampani zamathuluzi angaphandle emakethe yaseShayina kunikeza izimo ezikahle kakhulu zokuthi sisebenzise amathuluzi athuthukile ukuze siguqule ukukhiqizwa kwendabuko. Kufanele sibambe leli thuba elihle futhi sisebenzise amathuluzi okusika athuthukile ukuze sihlangabezane nezinselele zokuhwebelana kwezomnotho ukuze sithuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula namandla okuncintisana ezinkampani.

Lapho amabhizinisi esheshisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokusika obuphambili, isimo sebhizinisi ngalinye sihlukile, futhi izinqubo ezithile zihlukile, kepha amaphuzu alandelayo angasetshenziswa njengombono ojwayelekile:

Amathuluzi enziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zamathuluzi, okuhlanganisa amathuluzi aqinile e-carbide, amathuluzi e-silicon nitride ceramic, amathuluzi e-CBN ne-PCD, amathuluzi ensimbi asebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu, njll., uhlobo olulodwa lwesingeniso sesimo esithile sokukhiqiza, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Push, uzothola imiphumela emihle; okwamanje abakhiqizi bamathuluzi asekhaya nabo banganikezela ngale mikhiqizo yamathuluzi.

Sebenzisa kakhulu amathuluzi ahlanganisiwe. Ingxenye yemimese eboshwe e-China iphansi kakhulu, futhi kunesikhala esikhulu sokuphromotha. Ibanga elifanele lokugqoka kufanele likhethwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zokucubungula futhi lidinga ukufeza imiphumela oyifunayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ezinkomba kusetshenziswa kakhulu. Amathuluzi anenkomba aye akhuthazwa e-China iminyaka eminingi, kodwa inqubekelaphambili ayizange isheshe ngokwanele ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene.

Intuthuko ayilingani. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bamathuluzi e-indexable buye benza inqubekelaphambili entsha, izinhlobonhlobo zanda ngokushesha, futhi ziye zathuthuka ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi esebenzayo. Kwakhiwe izindwani zokusika zokugaya ezigobile, izinsimbi eziphendukayo ezinama-wiper blades kanye nenjongo evamile. Imikhiqizo enama-blade ayindilinga amahle nama-octagonal blades inamandla amakhulu okusetshenziswa. Ukukhuthaza amathuluzi anezinkomba ngokukhuthele kufanele kube iphrojekthi ebalulekile yokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamabhizinisi. Umfanekiso wesi-7 uyisisiki sokugaya esigobile sakhiwe yi-Hunan Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd.

Olayini abakhulu bokukhiqiza, kufanele sifunde kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamanye amazwe, sithuthukise izinqubo ezintsha namathuluzi akhethekile, sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle futhi sinciphise izindleko, noma sithuthukise izinqubo zokuhlanganisa amathuluzi ahlanganisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali. Umsebenzi onjalo kufanele uhlanganiswe nabakhi bamathuluzi omshini kanye nabakhiqizi bamathuluzi ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela. Lona umkhuba ovuthiwe emazweni anezimboni.

Ezinkampanini ezinemodi yokukhiqiza yenqwaba encane yesiqephu esisodwa, amathuluzi amasha asebenzayo afana nezinsimbi zokupholisa zangaphakathi kanye nezigayo zokuphela kobuso be-rake kufanele zisetshenziswe. Okwesibili, i-multi-function cutters yendawo yonke ingasetshenziswa, enganciphisa isikhathi sokushintsha kwamathuluzi. Kuyadingeka futhi ukwephula imikhawulo yenqubo yendabuko yokumba, ukugaya, ukugaya, njll., kanye nokufeza imiphumela emisha yokucubungula ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya, nokugaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qinisa ukuphathwa kwamathuluzi, wehlise i-inventory futhi unciphise izindleko zamathuluzi.

Lapho besebenzisa amathuluzi okusika athuthukile kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha, amabhizinisi kufanele athembele emandleni obuchwepheshe abakhiqizi nabasabalalisi bamathuluzi ukuze balandele indlela yokuxhumana nabantu. Esimeni samanje sezinto ezintsha zokusebenza, izinto zamathuluzi kanye namamaki okuhlanganisa, kunezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zamathuluzi. Ngosizo lwabachwepheshe babo kuphela ongakhetha ithuluzi elifanele futhi ufinyelele umgomo oyifunayo. Lona futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi angaphandle kwamanje. Ifilosofi yebhizinisi "yokunikezwa kwesistimu" kanye "nokunikeza izixazululo" ekhuthazwa ngenkuthalo inkampani. Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukwephula umqondo ongalungile wezindleko zethuluzi--ucabanga ukuthi ithuluzi elihle libiza kakhulu ukulisebenzisa. Yilo mbono osekuyisikhathi eside uthinta inqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokusika eShayina kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamathuluzi kazwelonke. Ithuluzi "liyabiza" futhi libiza kuphela u-2% ~ 4% wezindleko zokukhiqiza (ngaphansi kuka-2% kumabhizinisi amaningi e-China). Kuphela ngokusebenzisa ummese "obizayo", ukusebenza kahle kungancishiswa kakhulu ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zesiqephu esisodwa. Izinzuzo zebhizinisi ekugcineni zizofinyelela umphumela wokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kanye nomphumela omningi. Ngezibonelo ezithile zokucubungula, kungafakazelwa ukuthi izindleko zethuluzi azikho ngaphezu komkhiqizo ngamunye.

Okokugcina, ngithemba ukuthi ngemizamo yawo wonke umuntu, ubuchwepheshe bokusika balolu phiko buzohlanganiswa ukuze bufake isandla ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza baseShayina.