Itekhnoloji yokusika isinyithi kunye nesimo sophuhliso lwesixhobo

Itekhnoloji yokusika isinyithi kunye nesimo sophuhliso lwesixhobo

Ukusukela phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, ngenxa yeempumelelo ezichulumancisayo zenzululwazi nobugcisa obufana ne-microelectronics, itekhnoloji yolwazi, kunye nenzululwazi yemathiriyeli, kunye nokukhawuleziswa kwenkqubela yobunjineli, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lokuvelisa nokuvelisa ubuchwephesha kuye kwakhuthazwa. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kuye kwafikelelwa imiphumo ephawulekayo. Inkqubela phambili ibe negalelo elibonakalayo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwehlabathi kwaye inconywa njengenjini yoqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Ukushwankathela le mbali, ukuphonononga uphuhliso loluntu, uqoqosho kunye nempucuko, oorhulumente banokuqonda okutsha ngokubaluleka kwemveliso: nanamhlanje, xa amashishini aphezulu kunye namashishini asakhasayo ekhuthaze kakhulu uqoqosho, imveliso iseluqoqosho lwelizwe. Kwaye isiseko samandla abanzi. Ukunikela ingqalelo kunye nokukhawulezisa uphuhliso loshishino lwemveliso kuye kwaba lilizwe elinamandla kwihlabathi, ingakumbi ilizwe elisaphuhlayo elifana neTshayina, elizise amathuba anqabileyo kunye nemingeni emitsha kuphuhliso lobugcisa bokuvelisa kunye nokuvelisa.

Ngeli xesha, iteknoloji yokusika isinyithi, iteknoloji esisiseko yokuvelisa iteknoloji, iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ingene kwinqanaba elitsha lophuhliso elibonakaliswe kuphuhliso lokusika isantya esiphezulu, ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo ezintsha zokusika kunye neendlela zokucubungula, kunye nokubonelela ngobugcisa obupheleleyo bokucubungula. Oku kusekelwe kwinkqubela phambili ebanzi kunye nokuveliswa kweteknoloji yokuvelisa, kubandakanywa ukuqhubela phambili okubanzi kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, iinkqubo zokulawula, izixhobo zezixhobo, iteknoloji yokugubungela, isakhiwo sesixhobo kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Iziphumo ezibanzi eziveliswe yinkampani zikhuthaze yonke inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yokusika. Zisa inqanaba elipheleleyo kwinqanaba elitsha. Isici esiphambili kunye nezobugcisa zolu bude bubude besantya esiphezulu (Itheyibhile 1), ukuphawula inkqubo yokusika kwisigaba esitsha sokusika i-high-speed cutting.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu kuye kwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji yokuvelisa ephucukileyo kunye nesimboli esibalulekileyo, ibe yitekhnoloji ephambili kwishishini lemveliso, ishishini leemoto, ishishini le-aerospace, ishishini lokubumba kunye namanye amacandelo amakhulu oshishino. Kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu kuye kwaba bubugcisa obutsha obusebenzisekayo. Uphuhliso olusebenzayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji entsha yokusika isantya esiphezulu kuye kwaba ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo kumashishini ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa, ukunciphisa amaxesha okukhokela kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana. Iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho. Ke ngoko, ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bokusika obuphezulu obumelwe yitekhnoloji yokusika isantya esiphezulu kuye kwaba yimvumelwano kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa bokuvelisa kunye nokuvelisa kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Ukusika iteknoloji kunye nesimo sophuhliso lwesixhobo

Okokuqala, yenze itekhnoloji entsha efana nokusika ngesantya esiphezulu, okuye kwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu kunika inzuzo ekhethekileyo njengenkqubo entsha yokusika. Okokuqala, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu. Ukuthatha i-five-piece machining ye-injini yemoto njengomzekelo, kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo okanye kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuye kwaphuculwa malunga ne-1 ukuya kumaxesha ama-2, njenge-PCD face milling cutter yokucubungula iintloko ze-aluminium alloy cylinder. Isantya sokugaya sifikelele kwi-4021m / min kwaye izinga lokutya li-5670mm / min, eliphindwe kabini xa kuthelekiswa nomgca wokuvelisa owenziwe eChina ekuqaleni kwe-1990. Umzekelo, i-CBN face milling cutter yokugqiba iisilinda zentsimbi ezingwevu zinesantya sokusila esingama-2000m/ Min, amaxesha ali-10 angcono kunesisiki sobuso se-carbide. Okwesibini, ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu kukwaluncedo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko zokwenziwa, kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha okukhokela. Ukongeza, ngesiseko setekhnoloji yokusika isantya esiphezulu, ubuchwephesha obutsha obufana nokusika okomileyo (i-quasi-dry cutting, i-micro-lubricating cutting), ukusika okunzima (ngokugaya imoto, ukugaya kunye nokugaya) kuye kwaphuhliswa, okungekho nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa nokutshintsha isithethe. Imida yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokusika, kunye nokudalwa kwexesha elitsha lokusika imveliso "imveliso eluhlaza." Itekhnoloji yokusika kanzima iye yaba yinkqubo entsha esebenzayo kakhulu yokwenziwa komngxuma wangaphakathi wegiya yemoto kunye nokulungiswa komngundo oqinileyo. Umzobo we-1 ubonisa ukubumba ukusetyenzwa kwe-65HRC.

Kwangaxeshanye, iinkqubo zokushishina ngobuchule obuphezulu okanye iinkqubo zemveliso ephezulu (HPM, HSM) enezinga eliphezulu lokutya ziye zavela ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa, ezibonisa amandla amakhulu ophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bokusika isantya esiphezulu.

Okwesibini, ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezisekelwe kwizinto ezifakwe kwi-carbide kuye kwaphuculwa ngokubanzi.

Ukusebenza kwe-carbide ene-cemented kuphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye indawo yesicelo iyandiswa, ibe yinto ephambili yesixhobo sokusika, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukuphuculwa kokusika. Eyokuqala kukuphuhliswa kwe-fine-grained, i-ultra-fine-grained hard alloy materials, ephucula kakhulu amandla kunye nokuqina kwe-cemented carbide materials. I-alloy enzima iyonke izixhobo ezenziwe kuyo, ngakumbi injongo-jikelele enkulu kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi amasuntswana edrill. Izixhobo ezinje ngee-mill end kunye neetephu zisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela izixhobo zentsimbi zesantya esiphezulu, ezongeza isantya sokusika kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komatshini ngamaxesha amaninzi. Isixhobo sendalo yonke esinobungakanani obukhulu bobuso singeniswa kuluhlu lwesantya esiphezulu, kwaye inkqubo yokusika ifakwe ngokupheleleyo. Isiqingatha senqanaba lokusika ngesantya esiphezulu sibekwe. Okwangoku, sonke isixhobo esiqinileyo se-carbide siye saba yimveliso yesiqhelo yeenkampani zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle, kwaye ziya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengoko inqanaba lonke lokusika liphuculwa. Okwangoku, yasekhaya Hunan Diamond Carbide Tools Co., Ltd., Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd., Siping Xinggong Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. kunye namanye amashishini nako ukuvelisa eqinileyo carbide end Mills, iimpompo, drills kunye nezinye iimveliso, njengoko kubonisiwe Figure 2, Hunan. Isixhobo esiqinileyo se-carbide esiveliswe yi-Diamond Carbide.Akukuphela nje, kodwa ii-carbides eziqinileyo nazo zisetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo zokwenza izinto ezinzima. Okwesibini, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezintsha ezifana ne-cemented carbide pressure sintering ziye zaphucula umgangatho wangaphakathi we-cemented carbide; kunye nokuphuhliswa kwamabakala akhethekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucubungula, kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwe-carbide ene-cemented. Kwimeko yesiseko sesiseko somgangatho wokufaka i-carbide yekhemikhali, i-carbide ene-cemented graded kunye nokuchasana kakuhle ne-deformation yeplastiki kunye nomgangatho onzima waphuhliswa, ophucula ukusebenza kokusika kunye noluhlu lwesicelo se-carbide ene-coated cemented install.

Iindidi zezixhobo ze-ceramic kunye nezixhobo ze-cermet ziye zanda, amandla kunye nokuqina kuye kwaphuculwa, intsimi yesicelo kunye noluhlu lokucubungula luye lwandiswa, kwaye i-alloy enzima iye yatshintshwa ekugqityweni kunye ne-semi-finishing yensimbi kunye nentsimbi, eye yaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Okwangoku, izixhobo ezinjalo zesixhobo zingasetyenziselwa kuphela kwi-single-piece, i-batch-batch production, kodwa kunye nokuveliswa kobuninzi bemigca yendibano, kwaye ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi, zingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo esikhethiweyo sokusika okomileyo kunye nokusika kanzima.

Ukuqina kwe-PCD kunye ne-CBN izixhobo ze-superhard tool kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa kwenze ukuba indawo yesicelo yandise. Izixhobo ze-Cylinder boring ezenziwe nge-CBN zisetyenziswe kwimigca yokuvelisa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokusetyenzwa kwentsimbi kunye ne-hardware yokucima, kwaye zandisiwe ukusuka kwintsimi yokugqiba ukuya kwintsimi yokugqiba, ephucule kakhulu ukusebenza kokusika. I-aluminium alloy yinto ebalulekileyo kwishishini le-aerospace kunye noshishino lweemoto. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-aluminium alloy yiteknoloji ephambili kula macandelo amabini oshishino. Okwangoku, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza eziphezulu ezenziwe nge-PCD, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kuphuculwe kakhulu, kuphezulu. Isantya sokusika sifikelele kwi-7000m / min. Iimveliso zandisiwe ukusuka kwizixhobo zokuguqula zangaphambili kunye nabasiki be-milling ubuso ukuya ekupheleni kwee-mill, ii-drill bits, ii-reamers, izixhobo zokwenza, njl. I-PCD sesona sixhobo sisebenzayo kuphela sokulungisa imathiriyeli engeyiyo eyentsimbi efana negraphite kunye nemathiriyeli yokwenziwa. Kunokubonwa kwangaphambili ukuba ngokukhuthazwa kwezixhobo ze-CBN kunye ne-PCD, iintlobo zezixhobo ziya kwanda ngakumbi, kwaye intsimi yesicelo iya kwandiswa ngakumbi, ekhokelela ekuphuhliseni ukucutshungulwa kokucutshungulwa ngokubhekiselele kwi-high-speed and high-efficiency machining.

Ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zensimbi eziphezulu zisakhankanywa ekuphuhliseni izixhobo zesixhobo. Nangona ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo zetsimbi ezikhawulezayo kunye nezixhobo ze-carbide ze-cemented ziyancipha malunga ne-5% ngonyaka, i-cobalt ephezulu ye-high-speed steel kunye Ukusetyenziswa kwe-powder metallurgy high speed steel iyanda. Ezi zintsimbi zimbini zisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu zinembali ende, ziyakwazi ukumelana nokunxiba ngcono, ubulukhuni obubomvu nokuthembeka kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu, ngakumbi ukusebenza kwesinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu sesinyithi, kodwa ngenxa yexabiso Eliphakamileyo, elisetyenziswa kwishishini le-aerospace ukwenza izinto ezinzima. Ngokuphishekela ukusika ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuguqulwa kwengcamango, ezi zixhobo zentsimbi ezisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu ziqala ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimigca ezenzekelayo, njenge-drill, i-end Mills, iimpompo kunye nezinye izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokusika izixhobo, ii-broaches kunye nezinye izixhobo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kufunyenwe isantya sokusika esiphuculweyo kunye nomgangatho womatshini, ukusetyenziswa okuthembekileyo kunye nobomi besixhobo esongezelelweyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izixhobo ezikhankanywe ngasentla ezenziwe ngentsimbi ye-high-speed-speed ziye zandiswa kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukucubungula ngokubanzi, kwaye zibe yimveliso eqhelekileyo yezixhobo zetsimbi zangaphandle.

Isishwankathelo, ekuphuhlisweni kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo, i-carbide ene-cemented idlala indima ephambili, kodwa ukusebenza kwezinye izixhobo zesixhobo kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu, ukwandisa iindawo zabo zesicelo, ukwenza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo. Kukho iingenelo ezizodwa kunye nobubanzi bokusebenzisa obuthatha indawo enye ukuhambelana nepateni iyonke. Kunokuthiwa uphuhliso olubanzi kunye olukhawulezayo lwezixhobo zesixhobo luye lwabeka isiseko sokusika isinyithi sanamhlanje ngokukhawuleza, ukuphumelela okuphezulu.

Okwesithathu, iingubo ziyitekhnoloji ephambili yokuphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo.

Itekhnoloji yokugquma yesixhobo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izixhobo zanamhlanje zokusika kunye nokusika. Iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukususela ekusekweni kwayo, ngakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje. I-Chemical coating (CVD) iseyeyona nkqubo iphambili yokugquma yokufakwa kwe indexable. Iinkqubo ezintsha ezifana ne-CVD yobushushu obuphakathi, ifilimu eshinyeneyo ye-aluminium oxide, kunye nomaleko wotshintsho ziphuhlisiwe. Ngokusekelwe ekuphuculweni kwezinto ezisisiseko, i-coating ye-CVD ixhathisa. Zombini ukunxiba kunye nokuqina kuphuculwe; Iingubo zedayimani ze-CVD nazo zenze inkqubela phambili, ziphucula ukugqitywa komphezulu we-coating kunye nokungena kwinqanaba elisebenzayo. Okwangoku, umlinganiselo wokugquma we-carbide indexable inserts ufikelele ngaphezu kwama-70%. Ngeli xesha, ukuqhubela phambili kweengubo zomzimba (PVD) kuye kwabonakala ngokukodwa, kwaye inkqubela phambili ephawulekayo yenziwe kwisakhiwo sesithando somlilo, inkqubo, kunye nokulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye kungekhona nje ukuchasana nokushisa okufanelekileyo okufanelekileyo ukusika isantya esiphezulu, ukusika okomileyo, kunye nokusika okunzima kuye kwaphuhliswa. Iingubo ezingcono, ezifana ne-Super TiAlN, kunye ne-TiAlCN-injongo jikelele-injongo yokugqoka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi kunye ne-DLC, i-W / C yokulwa ne-anti-friction coatings, kunye ne-innovation ye-coating structure, iphuhliswe i-nano- kunye ne-multi-layer structures, Ukuphucula ukuqina kokuqina kunye nokuqina. Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa iingubo zamva nje ezivela kwinkampani yaseSwitzerland iPLATIT.

Uphuhliso olutsha lweteknoloji yokugquma i-PVD lusibonisa amandla amakhulu kunye neenzuzo ezizodwa zeteknoloji yokugquma ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwesixhobo: iingubo ezintsha zinokuphuhliswa ngokulawulwa kweeparitha zenkqubo yokugubungela kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwethagethi kunye neegesi zokuphendula. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenzwa kweyantlukwano, yitekhnoloji ekhawulezayo nelungileyo yokuphucula nokuphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo, kwaye inethemba elibanzi kakhulu lesicelo.

Okwesine, ukusungulwa kwesakhiwo sesixhobo sitshintshile ubuso kunye nomsebenzi omnye wezixhobo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo.

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lokuvelisa, amashishini aphambili afana neshishini leemoto, ishishini le-aerospace kunye neshishini lokungunda libeke phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokucutshungulwa kokucutshungulwa, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwezixhobo eziphawulweyo. Iseti ekhethekileyo yezixhobo eziphuhliswe kumgca wokuhlanganisa ushishino lweemoto ziye zaphula inkqubo yemveli yokubonelela ngezixhobo ezifunwayo kunye "nokwenza ucango oluvaliweyo", kwaye ibe yinto ebalulekileyo yethekhnoloji yeteknoloji yokucubungula, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokulondoloza utyalo-mali, kunye nokudlala indima entsha. Umzobo wesi-3 sisisikhi sokusila esinesantya esiphezulu senkqubo entsha ye-WIDIA yokwenziwa kwe-crankshaft machining.

Ishishini lokungunda liphawulwa ngobuchule obuphezulu, iqhekeza elinye, imveliso yebhetshi encinci, ubulukhuni obuphezulu bezinto zokubumba, ukusetyenzwa nzima, imilo entsonkothileyo, isixa esikhulu sokususwa kwesinyithi, ixesha elifutshane lokuhambisa, kwaye libe namandla okuqhuba okutsha kwesakhiwo sesixhobo esine indexable, njengabasiki abaSebenzayo bokusila ubuso, abasiki bebhola bephela, iimodyuli zokuphela kwenkqubo yokusila, ukusukela ukudinwa kunye nokugawula ukusika i-background cutters, ukugawula kunye nokugawula. I-1990s, imboni yokubumba iseyindawo yokuzalwa entsha yokusika isantya esiphezulu, ukusika okunzima kunye neenkqubo zokusika ezomileyo.

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeshishini le-aerospace ukuze kuqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo amacandelo amakhulu e-aluminium alloy, i-high-speed aluminiyam i-alloy face cutter kunye nezinye izixhobo ziye zaphuhliswa. Umzobo we-4 yi-high-speed face milling cutter esuka eSandvik, enesantya esiphezulu se-24000r / min kunye nesantya sokusika. Yi-6000m/min.

Kwangaxeshanye, kuye kwavela izakhiwo ezitsha zokufakwa kwesalathisi, ezinje nge-blister esebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukuze zijike, i-complex-size-sized milling cutter blades enekona zangaphambili, ii-ball-end end blades, kunye ne-high-speed anti-smashing blades. Iiblades zokusika zokugawula njalo njalo.

Ngokuphuculwa komsebenzi we-five-axis linkage CNC isixhobo sokugaya isixhobo kunye nokuthandwa kwesicelo sayo, iiparameters zejometri zezixhobo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-mills ekupheleni kunye ne-drill bits zihluke kakhulu, ezitshintsha ipateni endala yezixhobo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo kwaye zikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nezixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokucutshungulwa, ukusika ukusebenza kwandiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ezinye izakhiwo ezintsha zivelisa iziphumo ezintsha zokusika, ezifana ne-helix angle end mills engalinganiyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezisila eziqhelekileyo zokuphela, ii-engile ze-engile ezingalinganiyo zinokunqanda ngokufanelekileyo ukungcangcazela kwesixhobo, ziphucule ukugqiba komatshini, kunye nokwandisa izixhobo. Ukusika ubunzulu kunye nesantya sokutya. Ngokomzekelo, i-carbide drill ehlukeneyo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-drill tip kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-groove, i-Figure 5 yi-drill bits eyahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugaya iifom zokugaya eziveliswe yi-Shanghai Tool Works Co., Ltd. ukulungelelanisa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukuphuhliswa kweetephu ze-carbide kunye ne-carbide thread milling cutters kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwentambo ukuya kwinqanaba lokusika i-high-speed cut. Ngokukodwa, i-carbide thread milling cutters ayinayo kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza, kodwa inezinto ezininzi ezintle, ezinokugcina iindleko zesixhobo.

Okwesihlanu, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lokuxhasa itekhnoloji.

Itekhnoloji yokusika iphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yokusika. Yinxalenye eyimfuneko yetekhnoloji yokusika yanamhlanje kwaye igcina uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kunye netekhnoloji yokusika kunye nezixhobo, kubandakanya phakathi komphathi wesixhobo kunye nesixhobo sokuphotha somatshini. Indlela yokudibanisa, ukubethelwa kwesixhobo kumphathi wesixhobo, ibhalansi yenkqubo yesixhobo kunye nolawulo lwesixhobo.

I-hollow taper shank (i-HSK) ye-hollow-hollow machine tool-tool interface ineenzuzo zokuqina koqhagamshelwano olulungileyo, ukuchaneka kokumisa okuphezulu, ukulayishwa okufutshane kunye nexesha lokukhulula, njl njl. Ulwakhiwo lwalo mphathi wesixhobo lube ngumgangatho osemthethweni wamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye yamkelwe ngabakhiqizi abaninzi bezixhobo zoomatshini. Iye yazisa amaziko omatshini we-speed-speed kunye ne-HSK spindle interfaces kunye neenkqubo zesixhobo okanye izixhobo ezidibeneyo ezinezixhobo ze-HSK. Ubomi obunamandla kunye nethemba lokusetyenziswa kakuhle kolu hlobo olutsha lomphathi wesixhobo. Ngaxeshanye, ezinye iinkampani ziye zaphuhlisa izakhiwo ze-shank ezifana ne-HSK, ezifana ne-Sandvik's Capto shank kunye ne-Kennametal's KM shank. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwakho i-7: 24 ujongano lonxibelelwano olunamacala amabini okanye abafowunelwa abathathu ukulungiselela iimfuno zezixhobo zoomatshini ezikhoyo kwi-high-speed machining.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu nako kubeka iimfuno ezintsha ekubambeni isixhobo. Ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-clamping, i-radial runout

Ukongezelela, kukho ibhalansi kunye nemfuneko yokhuseleko kwizixhobo ezijikelezayo ezijikelezayo. Ngenxa ye-asymmetry yesakhiwo okanye i-eccentricity ebangelwa yimpazamo yokuvelisa kunye nendibano, kukho ukungalingani phakathi kweziko lokujikeleza kunye nokujikeleza kwesantya esiphezulu. Amandla eradial periodic asebenza kwinkqubo yokuthwala i-spindle nakwamanye amacandelo omatshini, echaphazela umgangatho womatshini, ubomi besixhobo kunye nokusebenza komatshini. Kule njongo, ukungalingani okuvumelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-high-speed ye-high-speed rotary izixhobo kucacisiwe; abavelisi bezixhobo baye baphuhlisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ukulungelelaniswa, okanye izixhobo ezijikelezayo kunye neenkqubo zesixhobo sokusika ngesantya esiphezulu ngaphambi kokulayisha kwi-spindle. Ibhalansi kumatshini wokulinganisa oguqukayo ukukhawulela ukungalingani kuluhlu oluthile. Ukuze kuncitshiswe inani lokungalingani (i-eccentricity) eyenziwa emva kokuba isixhobo silayishwe kwi-spindle, iteknoloji entsha yokulinganisa i-intanethi ngokuzenzekelayo ibhalansisa i-spindle, i-shank kunye nesixhobo njengenkqubo ye-rotor kwisantya sokusebenza.

Kwi-high-speed cutting, isantya sesixhobo siphezulu kune-10,000 ~ 20000r / min okanye nangaphezulu. Ngeli xesha, iindawo ezibambezelayo zomzimba we-blade, i-blade kunye ne-blade ziphantsi kwamandla amakhulu e-centrifugal. Xa isantya sokujikeleza sifikelela kwixabiso elithile elibalulekileyo, lanele. Iblade iyatsalwa, okanye isikrufu sokubambelela saphukile, okanye umzimba wonke wophukile. Xa kwenzeka le miqathango, izixhobo okanye ukulimala komntu kunokubangela iingozi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukukhusela iteknoloji yokusika isantya esiphezulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iJamani iye yaphuhlisa inkcazo yokhuseleko lwezixhobo ezijikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu, ezinemigaqo engqongqo yoyilo, uvavanyo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulinganisa umgangatho wesixhobo. Le nkcazo ibe ngumgangatho waseYurophu kunye nomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngokutsho kwedatha, iindleko ezithe ngqo zesixhobo zenza kuphela i-2% ~ 4% yeendleko zokuvelisa, ngelixa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo kunye nokulawula zingaphezu kwe-12%. Ulawulo lwesixhobo sezenzululwazi lunokonga iindleko zesixhobo esibonakalayo somsebenzisi kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwenziwa. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yolawulo lwesixhobo kunye nesoftware ehambelanayo kunye nesoftware iye yaba ngumda weshishini labavelisi bezixhobo, ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo zolawulo lwesixhobo, ukusuka kulawulo lwesixhobo esilula ukuya kwikontraka yesivumelwano sawo onke amashishini esixhobo, kubandakanya ukuthengwa kwesixhobo, ukuchongwa, ukugcinwa, inkonzo ekwisiza, ukugaya kwakhona isixhobo, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo, uphuhliso lweprojekthi, njl. njl. isivuno sezoqoqosho nezobuchwepheshe.

Okwesithandathu, imodeli entsha yoshishino yoshishino lwezixhobo.

Ngophuhliso lobugcisa bokusika, ishishini lezixhobo lifumana utshintsho kwiindlela zokusebenza. Ujongene nemodeli entsha yemveliso kunye nezixhobo ezintsha zokusebenza, "izixhobo" azisezo mveliso zilula. Emva kokuba zithengisiwe, zizinto ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo yokuphucula inkqubo okanye iteknoloji yokucubungula umgca. Abavelisi bezixhobo kufuneka babe nako Ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngeteknoloji epheleleyo yokucubungula ukunceda abasebenzisi bafezekise injongo yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa uye waba ngulwalathiso kunye nenjongo yoshishino yophuhliso loshishino lwabavelisi bangaphandle. Okwangoku, abavelisi bezixhobo baye bazisa imboni yezixhobo kwinqanaba eliphezulu lophuhliso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo zoshishino ezifana "nokusebenzela abasebenzisi" kunye "nokubonelela ngezisombululo". Iinyani zibonakalise ukuba olu qheliselo lwabavelisi bezixhobo zangaphandle luluncedo kuphuhliso lweshishini lokuvelisa, luzisa izibonelelo ezingakumbi kubasebenzisi kunye nokwamkelwa ngabasebenzisi.

Faka itekhnoloji yokusika ephucukileyo ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lweshishini lemveliso laseTshayina

INkongolo yeSizwe ye-16 yeQela lamaKomanisi laseChina yabeka phambili umsebenzi wokwakha uluntu olunenkqubela phambili ngendlela ejikelezayo kunye nokuqonda ushishino olutsha. Yavuthela isigodlo sokumatsha kweTshayina ukusuka kumandla okuvelisa ukuya kumandla okuvelisa. Njengobuchwephesha obusisiseko bobugcisa bokuvelisa, isixhobo sokusika sisixhobo esisisiseko senkqubo. Ikwindawo yokuqala kulo mngcelele wembali. Ubuchwephesha bokusika obuphezulu kunye nezixhobo zokusika luphuhliso lwaseTshayina kwishishini leemoto, ishishini le-aerospace, ishishini lamandla kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo. Izinto ezifunekayo kushishino lokungunda. Xa sijongene neli thuba likhulu, kufuneka sisebenzise ngokupheleleyo ubugcisa bokusika obuphambili kunye nezixhobo zokusika ukuze sikhonze ishishini lokuvelisa laseTshayina.

Kule ntoEkugqibeleni, ishishini lezixhobo laseTshayina liyakhawulezisa ukudityaniswa kwalo neshishini lehlabathi lezixhobo, lizisa izixhobo zenkqubo ephucukileyo nobuchwepheshe ngoguqulo lobuchwepheshe, nokuphuhlisa nokuvelisa iimveliso zesixhobo zodidi lokuqala. I-China's tool industry's two myards - Iqela le-Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide kunye ne-Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd. iye yakhokela ekuqhubeni inguqu yezobuchwepheshe kunye nesiqalo esiphezulu kunye notyalo-mali olukhulu, olwenze iteknoloji yokuvelisa i-indexable inserts kunye nezixhobo eziqinileyo ze-carbide e-China zivale. Inqanaba eliphezulu lehlabathi. Kwangaxeshanye, iinkampani zezixhobo zangaphandle zijongene nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lemveliso yaseTshayina kunye nethemba lophuhliso olukhawulezileyo, ukukhawulezisa isantya semveliso yasekhaya okanye inkonzo eTshayina, ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zokwenziwa kwemveliso, kuphuculwe amandla eenkonzo, kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha okukhokela. Kuthiwa ukungena kweenkampani zezixhobo zangaphandle kwimarike yaseTshayina kubonelela ngeemeko ezilungileyo kakhulu ukuba sisebenzise izixhobo eziphucukileyo zokuguqula ukwenziwa kwemveli. Kufuneka silixhakamfule eli thuba lihle kwaye samkele ngenkuthalo izixhobo zokusika ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuhlangabezana nemingeni yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kwezoqoqosho ukuze kuphuculwe itekhnoloji yokulungisa kunye namandla okhuphiswano lwamashishini.

Xa amashishini ekhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokusika ephezulu, imeko yeshishini ngalinye yahlukile, kwaye izenzo ezithile zahlukile, kodwa ezi ngongoma zilandelayo zinokusetyenziswa njengengcamango eqhelekileyo:

Izixhobo ezenziwe ngezixhobo eziphezulu zokusebenza, kubandakanywa izixhobo eziqinileyo ze-carbide, izixhobo ze-silicon nitride ze-ceramic, izixhobo ze-CBN kunye ne-PCD, izixhobo zetsimbi ze-high-speed-speed, njl., uhlobo olulodwa lwentshayelelo kwimeko ethile yokuvelisa, inyathelo ngesinyathelo I-Push, iya kufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo; okwangoku abavelisi bezixhobo zasekhaya banokubonelela ngokuyinxenye kwezi mveliso zesixhobo.

Sebenzisa kakhulu izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo. Umlinganiselo weemela ezigqunywe eChina uphantsi kakhulu, kwaye kukho indawo enkulu yokunyusa. Umgangatho ofanelekileyo wokugquma kufuneka ukhethwe ngokwemiqathango yokucubungula kwaye kufuneka ufezekise iziphumo ezifunwayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zesalathisi kusetyenziswa ngamandla. Izixhobo ze-Indexable ziye zakhuthazwa e-China iminyaka emininzi, kodwa inkqubela ayizange ikhawuleze ngokwaneleyo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Uphuhliso alulingani. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, iteknoloji yezixhobo ze-indexable ziye zenza inkqubela entsha, iindidi ziye zanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ziye zaphuhliswa kwindlela esebenzayo kunye nesebenzayo. Kuphuhliswe iincakuba zokusika ezigobileyo ezijikajikayo ezineencakuba zosula kunye nenjongo ngokubanzi. Iimveliso ezinamacangci alungile etyhula kunye nee-octagonal blades zinamandla amakhulu okusetyenziswa. Ukukhuthaza ngenkuthalo izixhobo ezibonisa isalathiso kufuneka kube yiprojekthi ebalulekileyo yenguqu yeteknoloji yamashishini. Isazobe sesi-7 sisisikhi sokusila esigotyiweyo esiphuhliswe nguHunan Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd.

Kwimizila emikhulu yokuvelisa, kufuneka sifunde kumava angaphandle, siphuhlise iinkqubo ezintsha kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, okanye ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuxilisa izixhobo ezidibeneyo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa utyalo-mali. Umsebenzi onjalo kufuneka udityaniswe nabakhi bezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo zokufezekisa iziphumo. Lo ngumkhuba oqolileyo kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino.

Kwiinkampani ezinemowudi yokuvelisa ibhetshi eneqhekeza elinye, izixhobo ezitsha ezisebenzayo ezinje ngobhobhozo lwangaphakathi lokupholisa kunye neraki yokuphela kobuso kufuneka isetyenziswe. Okwesibini, i-multi-function cutters ye-universal ingasetyenziswa, enokunciphisa ixesha lokutshintsha isixhobo. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuphula imida yenkqubo yemveli yokugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya, njl., kunye nokufezekisa iziphumo ezintsha zokucubungula ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya kunye nokugaya. Ukongeza, ukomeleza ulawulo lwezixhobo, ukunciphisa uluhlu kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zezixhobo.

Xa besamkela izixhobo zokusika eziphambili kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha, amashishini kufuneka athembele kumandla obugcisa abavelisi bezixhobo kunye nabasasazi ukuba balandele indlela yokuhlalisana. Kwimeko yangoku yezinto ezintsha zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza kunye namabakala okwambathisa, kukho amawaka eentlobo zezixhobo. Kuphela ngoncedo lwabaqeqeshi babo unokukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo kwaye ufezekise injongo oyifunayo. Le ikwasisixhobo esikhoyo ngoku sokwenziwa kwezixhobo zangaphandle. Ifilosofi yoshishino "yokubonelela ngenkqubo" kunye "nokubonelela ngezisombululo" ngokukhuthazwa yinkampani. Okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukwaphula ingcamango engachanekanga yeendleko zesixhobo--ucinga ukuba isixhobo esilungileyo sibiza kakhulu ukuba singasetyenziswa. Ngulo mbono oye wachaphazela ixesha elide inkqubela phambili yokusika iteknoloji e-China kunye nophuhliso loshishino lwezixhobo zelizwe. Isixhobo "sibiza" kwaye kuphela i-akhawunti ye-2% ~ 4% yeendleko zokuvelisa (ngaphantsi kwe-2% kumashishini amaninzi e-China). Kuphela ngokusebenzisa imela "ebizayo", ukusebenza kakuhle kunokuncitshiswa kakhulu ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zesiqwenga esisodwa. Iinzuzo zeshishini ekugqibeleni ziya kufumana isiphumo sotyalo-mali oluncinci kunye nemveliso eninzi. Ngokusebenzisa imizekelo ethile yokucubungula, kunobungqina bokuba ixabiso lesixhobo alikho ngaphezu kwemveliso nganye.

Okokugqibela, ndiyathemba ukuba ngeenzame zomntu wonke, itekhnoloji yokusika yale yunithi iya kudityaniswa ukuze ifake isandla ekuqhubeleni phambili ubugcisa bemveliso kunye nemveliso yaseTshayina.