Simbi yekucheka tekinoroji uye chimiro chekuvandudza chishandiso

Simbi yekucheka tekinoroji uye chimiro chekuvandudza chishandiso

Kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, nekuda kwekubudirira kunobudirira kwesainzi uye tekinoroji senge microelectronics, tekinoroji yeruzivo, uye sainzi yemidziyo, uye nekukasira kufambira mberi kweinjiniya, kukurumidza kusimudzira kwekugadzira nekugadzira tekinoroji yakasimudzirwa. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, miuyo inoshamisa yawanwa. Kufambira mberi kwaita basa guru mukusimudzira upfumi hwenyika yose uye kunorumbidzwa seinjini yeupfumi hwenyika.

Kupfupisa nhoroondo iyi, kuongorora kusimukira kwevanhu, hupfumi uye budiriro, hurumende dzine kunzwisisa kutsva kwekukosha kwekugadzira: kunyangwe nhasi, apo maindasitiri epamusoro uye maindasitiri ari kusimukira akasimudzira hupfumi, kugadzira kuchiri hupfumi hwenyika. Uye hwaro hwesimba rakazara. Kuteerera uye kukurumidza kusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira kwave nyika ine simba pasi rose, kunyanya nyika ichiri kusimukira seChina, iyo yakaunza mikana isingawanzo uye matambudziko matsva mukuvandudza kwekugadzira uye kugadzira tekinoroji.

Munguva iyi, tekinoroji yekucheka simbi, inova ndiyo yekutanga tekinoroji yekugadzira tekinoroji, yakagadziridzwawo nekukurumidza, uye yakapinda muchikamu chitsva chebudiriro chinoratidzwa nekuvandudzwa kwehupamhi hwekucheka, kugadzirwa kwemaitiro matsva ekucheka uye nzira dzekugadzirisa, uye kupihwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira tekinoroji. Izvi zvinoenderana nekufambira mberi kwakazara uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira tekinoroji, kusanganisira kufambira mberi kwakazara kweCNC muchina maturusi, masisitimu ekudzora, zvekushandisa, tekinoroji yekupfekedza, chimiro chemidziyo uye humwe hunyanzvi. Iyo yakazara mhedzisiro inogadzirwa nekambani yakasimudzira kufambira mberi kwese kwekucheka tekinoroji. Hunza huwandu hwese kune imwe nhanho. Chinhu chikuru uye tekinoroji yehurefu iyi ndeyekumhanya kwekucheka kwepamusoro (Tafura 1), ichimaka nzira yekucheka muchikamu chitsva chekucheka-kumhanya.

Kusvika iye zvino, kucheka kwepamusoro-soro kwave chikamu chakakosha chepamusoro-soro yekugadzira teknolojia uye chiratidzo chakakosha, ichiva tekinoroji yakakosha muindasitiri yekugadzira, indasitiri yemotokari, indasitiri yemuchadenga, indasitiri yekuumbwa uye mamwe makuru maindasitiri. Munyika dzakabudirira, kucheka kwepamusoro kwazova unyanzvi hutsva hunoshanda. Kubudirira kwekusimudzira uye kushandiswa kweyepamusoro-kumhanya yekucheka tekinoroji nyowani yave chiyero chakakosha kumabhizinesi kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa, kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira, kupfupisa nguva dzekutungamira uye kugadzirisa kukwikwidza. Yakakosha tekinoroji uye yehupfumi mabhenefiti. Naizvozvo, kukurumidza kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekucheka tekinoroji inomiririrwa nehunyanzvi hwekucheka tekinoroji yave kubvumirana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugadzira uye kugadzira tekinoroji munyika dzakasiyana siyana.

Kucheka tekinoroji uye chimiro chekuvandudza chishandiso

Kutanga, yakagadzira matekinoroji matsva akadai sekucheka-kumhanya, izvo zvakavandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa.

High-speed yekucheka inopa yakasarudzika mukana senzira nyowani yekucheka. Chokutanga pane zvose, kushanda kwekucheka kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. Tichitora zvidimbu zvishanu zvekugadzira injini yemotokari semuenzaniso, mumakore gumi apfuura kana zvakadaro, kugona kwekugadzira kwakagadziridzwa nekanenge ka1 kusvika kaviri, senge PCD yekumisa milling cutter yekugadzira aluminium alloy cylinder misoro. Kumhanya kwekugaya kwasvika 4021m/min uye chiyero chekudya chiri 5670mm/min, icho chakapetwa kaviri zvichienzaniswa nemutsara wekugadzira wakaunzwa muChina mukutanga 1990s. Semuyenzaniso, CBN face milling cutter yekupedzisa grey cast iron cylinder ine milling speed ye2000m/ Min, kagumi zvirinani pane zvechinyakare carbide face milling cutters. Chechipiri, kucheka kwekumhanya kwakanyanya kunobatsirawo kuvandudza mhando yechigadzirwa, kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira, uye kupfupisa nguva dzekutungamira. Mukuwedzera, pahwaro hwepamusoro-soro yekucheka teknolojia, hutsva hutsva hwakadai sekucheka kwakaoma (quasi-dry cutting, micro-lubricating cutting), kucheka kwakaoma (kuburikidza nemotokari, kugaya uye kugaya) kwakagadzirwa, izvo zvisingangogadziri kushanda kwekugadzirisa asiwo kuchinja tsika. Miganhu yemabasa akasiyana-siyana ekucheka, uye kusikwa kwenguva itsva yekucheka kugadzira "green kugadzira." Iyo yakaoma yekucheka tekinoroji yave yakanyatso shanda maitiro matsva ekugadzira mukati megomba remotokari giya uye yakaomeswa mold kugadzirisa. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza mold yekugadzirisa 65HRC.

Panguva imwecheteyo, maitiro ekugadzira machining epamusoro-soro kana maitiro ekugadzira machining epamusoro (HPM, HSM) ane mazinga ekudya akakwira akabuda zvichienderana neakasiyana magadzirirwo ezvinodiwa, zvichiratidza hukuru hukuru hwekuvandudza kwehunyanzvi hwekucheka tekinoroji.

Chechipiri, kushanda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvematurusi zvichibva pane zvakasimwa carbide zvinhu zvakavandudzwa zvakanyanya.

Kuita kwecemented carbide kunoramba kuchivandudzwa, uye nzvimbo yekushanda inowedzerwa, inova iyo huru yemidziyo yekucheka, iyo inoita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwekucheka kushanda. Yokutanga ndeyekugadzirwa kwezvakagadzirwa zvakanaka, zvekupedzisira-zvakagadzirwa zvakaoma alloy zvinhu, izvo zvinonyanya kuvandudza kusimba uye kuoma kwezvinhu zvakasimbiswa carbide. Iyo yakazara yakaoma alloy maturusi akagadzirwa kubva pairi, kunyanya-chinangwa chikuru uye chepakati-saizi yekuboora mabhiti. Zvishandiso zvakaita semaguyo ekupedzisira uye matepi anoshandiswa kutsiva echinyakare akakwira-kumhanya maturusi esimbi, ayo anowedzera kukurumidza kucheka uye kushanda kwemachina kakawanda. Chishandiso chepasi rose chine huwandu hwechiso chinounzwa muhupamhi hwekucheka kwepamusoro, uye nzira yekucheka inopinda zvizere. Hafu yepamusoro-soro yekucheka danho yakaiswa. Parizvino, iyo yakazara yakasimba carbide chishandiso chave chigadzirwa chenguva dzose chemakambani emumba uye ekunze ezvishandiso, uye ichave yakawanda uye ichishandiswa zvakanyanya sezvo iyo yese yekucheka danho rekugadzirisa inovandudzwa. Parizvino, yepamba Hunan Diamond Carbide Tools Co., Ltd., Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd., Siping Xinggong Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. nemamwe mabhizinesi anogona zvakare kugadzira yakasimba carbide end mill, matepi, drills nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 2, Hunan. Solid carbide tool inogadzirwa neDiamond Carbide.Kwete izvozvo chete, asi carbides yakasimba inoshandiswawo mune mamwe maturusi ekuumba akaoma. Chechipiri, kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro matsva akadai secemented carbide pressure sintering yakavandudza mukati memhando yecemented carbide; uye kuvandudzwa kwemagiredhi akakosha ezvido zvekugadzirisa zvakasiyana, uye nekuwedzera kuvandudza mashandiro ecemented carbide. Panyaya yezvigadziko zvekemikari yakavharwa necemented carbide giredhi regiredhi, giredhi yakasimwa carbide ine kupikisa kwakanaka kwepurasitiki deformation uye yakaoma nzvimbo yakagadziridzwa, iyo yakavandudza kucheka kwekuita uye kushandiswa kwekushandisa kweiyo yakavharwa simende carbide insert.

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zveceramic uye cermet tool zvinhu zvakawedzera, simba uye kuoma kwakavandudzwa, nzvimbo yekushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa kwakawedzerwa, uye iyo yakaoma alloy yakatsiviwa mukupedzisa uye semi-kupedzisa kwesimbi uye simbi yakakandwa, iyo yakavandudza kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Parizvino, zvishandiso zvakadaro zvinogona kushandiswa kwete chete muchidimbu-chidimbu, diki-batch kugadzirwa, asiwo muhuwandu hwekugadzira mitsetse yekusangana, uye nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera, inogona kushandiswa sechishandiso chinodiwa chekucheka kwakaoma uye kucheka kwakaoma.

Kuoma kwePCD uye CBN superhard tool zvinhu uye kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira zvakagonesa kuti nzvimbo yekunyorera iwedzere. Cylinder boring maturusi akagadzirwa neCBN akashandiswa mumitsara yekugadzira otomatiki pamwe nekugadzirisa simbi yakakandwa uye yekudzima Hardware, uye akawedzera kubva kumunda wekupedzisa kusvika kumunda wekupedzisira, izvo zvakavandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwekucheka. Aluminium alloy chinhu chakakosha muindasitiri yeaerospace uye indasitiri yemotokari. Kushanda kwepamusoro-soro kwealuminium alloy ndiyo yakakosha tekinoroji muzvikamu zviviri izvi zveindasitiri. Parizvino, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemhando yepamusoro-yekuita maturusi akagadzirwa nePCD, iyo yekucheka inobudirira inovandudzwa zvakanyanya, yepamusoro. Yekucheka kumhanya yasvika 7000m/min. Zvigadzirwa zvakawedzerwa kubva kune ekutanga maturusi ekushandura uye kumeso ekucheka kucheka kuti apedze zvigayo, zviboorero, reamers, kugadzira maturusi, nezvimwe; PCD zvakare ndiyo yega chishandiso chinoshanda chekugadzirisa zvisiri-metallic zvinhu zvakaita segraphite uye zvekugadzira zvinhu. Zvinogona kufanoona kuti nekusimudzirwa kweCBN nePCD zvishandiso, zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvishandiso zvichawedzera kuwedzera, uye munda wekushandisa uchawedzerwa, zvichitungamira mukuvandudzwa kwekucheka kugadzirwa kune yakakwirira-kumhanya uye yakakwirira-inoshanda machining.

Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvesimbi zvakakurumidza kuchiri kutaurwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekushandisa. Kunyange zvazvo kutengesa kwe-high-speed steel maturusi uye cemented carbide zvishandiso zvakaderedzwa neanenge 5% pagore, high-performance cobalt high-speed steel uye Kushandiswa kwepoda metallurgy high speed simbi iri kuwedzera. Idzi mbiri dzepamusoro-soro dzesimbi dzine nhoroondo refu, dzinopfeka zviri nani kuramba, kuoma tsvuku uye kuvimbika kudarika simbi yakajairwa, kunyanya kushanda kwesimbi yeupfu yesimbi, asi nekuda kwemutengo High, yaishandiswa muindasitiri yemuchadenga kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaoma. Nekutsvaga kwekucheka kunyatsoita uye shanduko yemafungiro, aya maturusi esimbi epamusoro-soro anotanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumitsara otomatiki, senge zvibooreso, zvigayo zvekupedzisira, matepi uye mamwe maturusi-chinangwa maturusi uye magiya anocheka, broaches uye mamwe maturusi akaomarara. Yakagashira yakagadziridzwa yekucheka kumhanya uye machining mhando, yakavimbika kushandiswa uye yakawedzera chishandiso hupenyu. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvishandiso zvakataurwa pamusoro apa zvakagadzirwa nepamusoro-soro-yepamusoro-soro yesimbi yakawedzerwa uye yakashandiswa kune general processing, uye yakave yakajairika chigadzirwa chekunze chepamusoro-speed steel tools.

Muchidimbu, mukugadzirwa kweakasiyana maturusi emidziyo, simende carbide inoita basa rinotungamira, asi kuita kwezvimwe zvishandiso zvematurusi kwakavandudzwawo zvakanyanya, kuwedzera nzvimbo dzazvo dzekushandisa, vachigadzira zvakasiyana siyana zvekushandisa. Pane zvakasarudzika mabhenefiti uye chiyero chekushandisa chinotsiva chimwe nechimwe kuti chienderane pateni yese. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kunzwisisika uye nekukurumidza kukura kwezvinhu zvekushandisa zvakateya hwaro hwemazuva ano akakwira-speed, akakwirira-anoshanda simbi yekucheka.

Chechitatu, machira ndiyo yakakosha tekinoroji yekuvandudza mashandiro emidziyo.

Iyo tekinoroji yekupfekedza yechishandiso inoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano ekucheka nekucheka maturusi. Yakakura nekukurumidza kubva payakavambwa, kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura. Kemikari yekuputira (CVD) ichiri iyo huru yekubatisa maitiro ekuisa indexable. Maitiro matsva akadai seyepakati tembiricha CVD, gobvu firimu aluminium oxide, uye shanduko layer yakagadziridzwa. Zvichienderana nekuvandudzwa kweiyo base zvinhu, iyo CVD coating inopokana. Zvose kupfeka uye kusimba kunovandudzwa; CVD madhaimani majasi akafambirawo mberi, achivandudza kupedzwa kwepamusoro kwejasi uye kupinda munhanho inoshanda. Parizvino, chiyero chekuputira chekunze carbide indexable inserts chasvika kupfuura 70%. Munguva iyi, kufambira mberi kwekuputira kwemuviri (PVD) kwave kuchinyanya kuoneka, uye kufambira mberi kwakakosha kwakaitwa muchoto chevira, nzira, uye kudzora otomatiki, uye kwete chete kupisa kupisa kwakakodzera kucheka kwekukurumidza, kutema kwakaoma, uye kucheka kwakaoma kwakagadzirwa. Mabhandi arinani, akadai seSuper TiAlN, uye TiAlCN general-chinangwa machira ane kuita kurinani kwese uye DLC, W/C anti-friction coatings, uye kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwechimiro chekupotera, yakagadziridzwa nano- uye akawanda-layer zvimiro, Inovandudza kuomarara nekuomarara. Tafura 2 inoratidza machira ekupedzisira kubva kuSwitzerland kambani PLATIT.

Iko kuvandudza kutsva kwePVD yekuputira tekinoroji inotiratidza kugona kukuru uye kwakasarudzika kwakasarudzika kweiyo coating tekinoroji yekuvandudza mashandiro ezvishandiso: machira matsva anogona kuvandudzwa kuburikidza nekutonga kweiyo coating process paramita uye kugadzirisa kwechinangwa uye maitiro magasi. Kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa zvakasiyana, inokurumidza uye yakanaka tekinoroji yekuvandudza nekuvandudza mashandiro emidziyo, uye ine tarisiro yakafararira yekushandisa.

Chechina, kuvandudzwa kwechishandiso chimiro chachinja chiso uye basa rimwechete rechinyakare maturusi emidziyo.

Nekukurumidza kusimukira kweindasitiri yekugadzira, maindasitiri akakosha akadai seindasitiri yemotokari, indasitiri yezvemuchadenga uye indasitiri yekuumbwa akaisa pamberi pepamusoro zvinodiwa zvekucheka kugadzirwa, uye akakurudzira kuenderera mberi kwezvishandiso zvinogoneka. Iyo yakakosha seti yezvishandiso zvakagadziridzwa mutsara wekugadzira indasitiri yemotokari zvapaza tsika yechinyakare yekugovera maturusi painodiwa uye "yakavharwa kugadzira gonhi", uye yave yakakosha tekinoroji chinhu chehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa tekinoroji, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedza mari, uye kutamba basa idzva. Mufananidzo 3 ndeyekumhanya-mhanya kwekucheka kweWIDIA maitiro matsva e crankshaft machining.

Indasitiri ye mold inoratidzirwa nekushanda kwepamusoro, chidimbu chimwe chete, kugadzirwa kwebatch diki, kuoma kwakanyanya kwezvinhu zvekuumbwa, kuomerwa, chimiro chakaomarara, huwandu hukuru hwekubvisa simbi, nguva pfupi yekuendesa, uye inove simba rekutyaira rekuvandudza kweiyo indexable chishandiso chimiro, senge Functional face milling cutters, akasiyana mabhora ekupedzisira milling cutter, modular end mill system, kubva kubhowa uye kugaya magadzirirwo emagetsi ekucheka, kucheka nezvimwe zvigayo zvekugadzira zvigayo. 1990s, iyo mold indasitiri ichiri nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kweyekumhanya-mhanya yekucheka, yakaoma kutema uye yakaoma kucheka maitiro.

Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa neindasitiri yemuchadenga kuti inyatso gadzira mahombe ealuminium alloy components, itsva high-speed aluminium alloy face milling cutter uye mamwe maturusi akagadzirwa. Mufananidzo 4 ndeye-high-speed face milling cutter kubva kuSandvik, nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwe24000r / min uye kukurumidza kucheka. Inosvika 6000m/min.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zvimiro zvitsva zvekuisa indexable zvakabuda, senge blister blades yekutenderedza, yakaoma-saizi milling cutter blades ine makona epamberi, bhora-kupera kweguyo blades, uye yakakwirira-speed anti-kupwanya blades. Milling cutter blades uye zvichingodaro.

Nekuvandudzwa kwebasa remashanu-axis linkage CNC chishandiso chekukuya muchina uye kufarirwa kwechishandiso chayo, iwo geometric parameter yeyakajairwa universal maturusi akadai semaguyo ekupedzisira uye mabhiti ekudhirowa anowedzera kusiyanisa, ayo anoshandura maitiro ekare echinyakare maturusi echinyakare uye anogona kuchinjika kune akasiyana akagadziridzwa zvinhu uye Processing mamiriro, kucheka mashandiro akawedzera zvinoenderana. Zvimwe zvimiro zvitsva zvinogadzirawo mitsva yekucheka mhedzisiro, senge isina kuenzana helix angle end mill. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa magumo zvigayo, asina kuenzana helix angle end mill anogona kunyatso kudzikamisa chishandiso kuzunguza, kugadzirisa machining kupera, uye kuwedzera maturusi. Kucheka kudzika uye chiyero chekudya. Semuyenzaniso, zviboorero zvakasiyana-siyana zvecarbide zvemhando dzakasiyana dzematipi ezvibooreso nemhando dzakasiyana dzegorofu, Mufananidzo 5 mabheti akasiyana siyana uye mafomu ekukuya akasiyana akaunzwa neShanghai Tool Works Co., Ltd. Iko kuvandudzwa kwecarbide taps uye carbide thread milling cutters inovandudza kushanda kweshinda kugadzirisa kusvika padanho rekucheka-kumhanya. Kunyanya, carbide thread milling cutters haingove nepamusoro pekugadzirisa, asi zvakare ine yakanaka kuita zvakasiyana, iyo inogona kuchengetedza maturusi mutengo.

Chechishanu, kukurumidza kukura kwekutsigira matekinoroji.

Iyo tekinoroji yekucheka inogadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma pamwe nekufambira mberi kwekucheka tekinoroji. Icho chikamu chakakosha chekinoroji yekucheka tekinoroji uye inochengetedza kukurumidza kusimudzira nekucheka tekinoroji uye maturusi, kusanganisira pakati pechibatiso uye muchina wekushandisa spindle. Yekubatanidza nzira, kusungirira kwechishandiso mumudziyo wekushandisa, chishandiso system chiyero uye manejimendi ekushandisa.

The double-sided hollow hollow taper shank (HSK) machine tool-tool interface ine zvakanakira kunaka kwekubatanidza kusimba, kumira kwepamusoro kururamisa, kupfupisa kurodha uye kuburitsa nguva, nezvimwewo. Kusimudzirwa kwemichina yakashandiswa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya (Mufananidzo 6). Chimiro cheichi chibatiso chave chiyero chepamutemo chepasi rose, uye chakagamuchirwa nevazhinji vanogadzira maturusi emuchina. Yakaunza nzvimbo dzekumhanya dzepamusoro-soro neHSK spindle interfaces uye maturusi masisitimu kana maturusi akabatanidzwa ane HSK tool holders. Simba rine simba uye tarisiro yakanaka yekushandisa yerudzi urwu rutsva rwechibatiso. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe makambani akagadzira shank zvimiro zvakafanana neHSK, seSandvik's Capto shank uye Kennametal's KM shank. Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave zvakare ne7:24 interface yeaviri-side kuonana kana kunyange matatu anobatika kuti agadzirise zvinodiwa zvemichina iripo maturusi ekumhanya-mhanya machining.

Iko kushandiswa kwepamusoro-kumhanya kutenderera maturusi kunoisawo zvitsva zvinodikanwa pakurovera kwemidziyo. Inoda yakakwira clamping precision, radial runout

Mukuwedzera, pane kuenzana uye kuchengetedzwa kunodiwa kune yakakwirira-kumhanya inotenderera maturusi. Nekuda kwechimiro cheasymmetry kana eccentricity inokonzerwa nekugadzira uye zvikanganiso zvegungano, pane kusaenzana pakati pepakati pekutenderera uye kutenderera kwepamusoro. Iyo periodic radial simba inobata pane inotakura sisitimu ye spindle uye kunyangwe kune mamwe mativi emuchina, inokanganisa kunaka kwemuchina, hupenyu hwechishandiso uye kushanda kwemuchina. Kuti izvi zviitike, kusaenzana kunobvumirwa uye kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro kwe-high-speed rotary zvishandiso kunotsanangurwa; vagadziri vezvishandiso vakagadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadziriswa kuenzanisa maturusi, kana maturusi ekutenderera uye maturusi masisitimu ekucheka-kumhanya-mhanya usati warodha mu spindle. Balance pamushini we dynamic balancing kudzikamisa kusaenzana kune imwe tambo. Kuti uderedze huwandu hwekusaenzana (eccentricity) inogadzirwa mushure mekunge chishandiso chatakurwa muspindle, iyo nyowani online otomatiki kuenzanisa tekinoroji inoyera iyo spindle, shank uye chishandiso serotor system painomhanya kumhanya.

Mukucheka-kumhanya-mhanya, kumhanya kwechishandiso kwakakwira kupfuura 10,000 ~ 20000r / min kana kunyange yakakwirira. Panguva ino, zvikamu zvinosungirirwa zvemuviri weblade, blade uye blade zvinoiswa pasi pesimba guru re centrifugal. Kana kukurumidza kutenderera kunosvika kune imwe yakakosha kukosha, inokwana. Iyo blade inoburitswa kunze, kana iyo clamping screw yakatyoka, kana kunyange muviri wese watyoka. Muchiitiko chemamiriro ezvinhu aya, midziyo kana kukuvadzwa kwemunhu kunogona kukonzera njodzi, saka inofanirwa kudzivirira teknolojia yekucheka yakakwirira. Kuti izvi zviitike, Germany yakagadzira tsananguro yekuchengetedzwa kwezvishandiso zvekumhanya-mhanya, izvo zvine mirairo yakasimba padhizaini, kuyedza, kushandiswa uye kuenzana kwemhando yechishandiso. Ichi chirevo chave chiyero cheEurope uye chiyero chepasi rose.

Zvinoenderana nedata, mutengo wakananga wechishandiso unongoverengera 2% ~ 4% yemutengo wekugadzira, nepo mutengo wekushandisa uye manejimendi unopfuura 12%. Sayenzi yekushandisa manejimendi inogona kuchengetedza mushandisi mutengo wakakura wemidziyo uye kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira. Naizvozvo, kuvandudza tekinoroji yekushandisa tekinoroji uye zvine chekuita nesoftware uye Hardware rave bhizinesi chiyero chevagadziri vezvishandiso, ichipa vashandisi nzira dzakasiyana dzematurusi manejimendi masevhisi, kubva kune yakapusa maturusi manejimendi kusvika pakurongedza chibvumirano chezvese mabhizinesi ezvishandiso, kusanganisira kutenga Tool, kuzivikanwa, kuchengetedza, pa-saiti sevhisi, kugayazve, kuvandudza maitiro, kuvandudza kweprojekiti, nezvimwewo goho rehupfumi uye tekinoroji.

Yechitanhatu, iyo nyowani bhizinesi modhi yeindasitiri yezvishandiso.

Nekuvandudzwa kwe tekinoroji yekucheka, iyo indasitiri yezvishandiso iri kuita shanduko mumashandisirwo ekushandisa. Takatarisana nekuwedzera nyowani yekugadzira modhi uye nyowani yebasa rekushandisa, "zvishandiso" hazvisisiri nyore zvigadzirwa. Kana yatengeswa, iwo akakosha maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro kana mutsara wekugadzira tekinoroji. Vagadziri vezvishandiso vanofanirwa kukwanisa Kupa vashandisi tekinoroji yakakwana yekugadzira kuti vabatsire vashandisi kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa, kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira chave kutungamira uye chinangwa chebhizinesi chekuvandudza bhizinesi revagadziri vezvishandiso. Parizvino, vagadziri vezvishandiso vaunza indasitiri yezvishandiso padanho repamusoro rekusimudzira kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhizinesi masevhisi akadai se "kushandira vashandisi" uye "kupa mhinduro". Chokwadi chakaratidza kuti tsika iyi yevagadziri vezvishandiso vekunze inobatsira mukusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira, ichiunza mamwe mabhenefiti kune vashandisi uye kugamuchirwa nevashandisi.

Shandisa tekinoroji yekucheka yepamusoro kuti ikurumidze kusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira yeChina

Kongiresi yeNyika yechigumi nenhanhatu yeBato reCommunist yeChina yakaisa pamberi basa rekuvaka nzanga yakagadzikana nenzira yakatenderedza uye nekuona maindasitiri matsva. Yakaridza nyanga yekufora kweChina kubva kusimba rekugadzira kuenda kusimba rekugadzira. Seyakakosha tekinoroji yekugadzira tekinoroji, yekucheka chishandiso ndiyo yekutanga process michina. Iri pachinhanho chekutanga mukufora kwenhoroondo iyi. Yepamberi yekucheka tekinoroji uye maturusi ekucheka ndiko kusimudzira kweChina kweindasitiri yemotokari, indasitiri yezvemuchadenga, indasitiri yesimba uye midziyo inotsigira. Zvinodiwa zvekugadzira mold. Pamberi pemukana mukuru wakadaro, tinofanira kushandisa zvizere zvemhando yepamusoro yekucheka michina nekucheka maturusi kushumira indasitiri yekugadzira yeChina.

Kune izvikupera, indasitiri yezvishandiso yeChina iri kukurumidza kubatanidzwa neindasitiri yezvishandiso yepasirese, kuunza michina yemhando yepamusoro uye tekinoroji kuburikidza neshanduko yetekinoroji, nekugadzira nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yekutanga. China's tool industry's two vanguards - Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group uye Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd. vakatungamira mukuita shanduko yetekinoroji nenzvimbo yepamusoro yekutanga uye nekudyara kukuru, izvo zvakaita kuti tekinoroji yekugadzira indexable yekuisa uye yakasimba carbide maturusi muChina kuvhara. Chiyero chepamusoro chenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, makambani ekunze ezvishandiso akatarisana nekusimudzira nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yekugadzira yeChina uye tarisiro yekusimudzira nekukurumidza, kukurumidza kukurumidza kwekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo kana sevhisi muChina, kuitira kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira, kuvandudza kugona kwesevhisi, uye kupfupisa nguva dzekutungamira. Zvinonzi kupinda kwemakambani ekunze ezvishandiso mumusika weChina kunopa mamiriro akanakira isu kuti tishandise maturusi epamusoro kushandura kugadzirwa kwechinyakare. Isu tinofanirwa kutora mukana uyu wakanaka uye nekushingairira kutora maturusi epamusoro ekucheka kuti asangane nezvipingamupinyi zvehupfumi hwenyika kuitira kuvandudza tekinoroji yekugadzirisa uye kukwikwidza kusimba kwemabhizinesi.

Kana mabhizinesi achimhanyisa kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekucheka tekinoroji, mamiriro ebhizinesi rega rega akasiyana, uye maitiro chaiwo akasiyana, asi anotevera mapoinzi anogona kushandiswa seyakajairwa pfungwa:

Zvishandiso zvakagadzirwa nemhando yepamusoro-soro yemidziyo, zvinosanganisira yakasimba carbide zvishandiso, silicon nitride ceramic zvishandiso, CBN uye PCD zvishandiso, yepamusoro-yepamusoro-inomhanya maturusi esimbi, nezvimwewo, imwe yemhando yekusuma mamiriro chaiwo ekugadzirwa, nhanho nhanho Push, ichagamuchira mhedzisiro yakanaka; parizvino vagadziri vezvishandiso zvepamba vanogona zvakare kupa zvishoma zvigadzirwa izvi zvematurusi.

Kunyanya kushandisa coated tools. Chikamu chemapanga akaputirwa muChina chakaderera kwazvo, uye kune nzvimbo yakakura yekusimudzirwa. Iyo yakakodzera yekupfeka giredhi inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekugadzirisa uye inoda kuwana mhedzisiro inodiwa.

Iko kushandiswa kwe indexable zvishandiso kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Indexable zvishandiso zvakasimudzirwa muChina kwemakore mazhinji, asi kufambira mberi hakuna kukurumidza zvakakwana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana.

Budiriro haina kuenzana. Nekudaro, panguva ino, tekinoroji yezvishandiso zvinoverengeka yakaita hufambiro hutsva, iyo yakasiyana-siyana yakawedzera nekukurumidza, uye yakagadziridzwa mune imwe nzira inoshanda uye inoshanda. Curved edge milling cutter blades, anotenderedza ekuisa ane wiper blades uye chinangwa chakajairika akagadzirwa. Zvigadzirwa zvine zvakanaka denderedzwa blades uye octagonal blades zvine mukana mukuru wekushandisa. Kushingairira kusimudzira maturusi ane indexable kunofanirwa kuve chirongwa chakakosha chekushandura tekinoroji yemabhizinesi. Mufananidzo 7 ndeye yakakomberedzwa kumucheto kuisa milling cutter yakagadzirwa naHunan Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd.

Kune mitsara mikuru yekugadzira, isu tinofanirwa kudzidza kubva kune dzimwe nyika ruzivo, kugadzira maitiro matsva uye akakosha maturusi, kuvandudza mashandiro uye kuderedza mutengo, kana kugadzira akasanganiswa maturusi ekugadzirisa maitiro ekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza mari. Basa rakadaro rinofanirwa kusanganiswa nevanovaka maturusi emuchina uye vanogadzira maturusi kuti vawane mhedzisiro. Iyi itsika yakura munyika dzakabudirira.

Kune makambani ane chidimbu chidiki diki yekugadzira modhi, maturusi matsva anoshanda senge mukati mekutonhodza madhiri uye rake kumeso kupera zvigayo zvinofanirwa kushandiswa. Chechipiri, multi-function universal cutters inogona kushandiswa, iyo inogona kuderedza nguva yekuchinja kwechishandiso. Izvo zvinodiwawo kutyora tsika yechinyakare miganho yekuchera, kugaya, kugaya, nezvimwewo, uye kuwana mitsva yekugadzirisa mhedzisiro kuburikidza nekuita kwekugaya, kuchera, kugaya, kugaya, kugaya, uye kugaya. Pamusoro pezvo, simbisa manejimendi ezvishandiso, dzikisa hesera uye kuderedza mutengo wekushandisa.

Paunenge uchitora maturusi epamusoro ekucheka uye matekinoroji matsva, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kuvimba nesimba rehunyanzvi hwevagadziri vezvishandiso nevashambadziri kutevera nzira yekushamwaridzana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvino ezvishandiso zvitsva zvebasa, zvishandiso zvekushandisa uye magiredhi ekuputira, kune zviuru zvemhando dzezvishandiso. Chete nerubatsiro rwevashandi vavo iwe unogona kusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chaunoda. Iyi ndiyo zvakare ikozvino yekunze maturusi ekugadzira. Uzivi hwebhizinesi hwe "system supply" uye "kupa mhinduro" inokurudzirwa nekambani. Chechipiri, zvinodikanwa kutyora pfungwa isiriyo yemutengo wechombo - uchifunga kuti chishandiso chakanaka chinodhura zvakanyanya kushandisa. Aya ndiwo maonero agara achikanganisa kufambira mberi kwekucheka tekinoroji muChina uye kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yenyika. Chishandiso "chinodhura" uye chinongoverengera 2% ~ 4% yemutengo wekugadzira (pasi pe2% mumabhizinesi mazhinji muChina). Chete nekushandisa banga "rinodhura", kubudirira kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yechidimbu chimwe chete. Mabhenefiti ebhizinesi anozopedzisira awana mhedzisiro yekudyara kushoma uye kwakawanda kuburitsa. Kuburikidza nemienzaniso chaiyo yekugadzirisa, zvinogona kuratidzwa kuti mutengo wechishandiso hausi kupfuura wechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe.

Chekupedzisira, ndinovimba kuti kuburikidza nekuedza kwemunhu wese, tekinoroji yekucheka yechikamu ichi ichaiswa pamwe chete kubatsira mukusimudzira kweChina kugadzira nekugadzira.