Gukata ibyuma byikoranabuhanga hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho

Gukata ibyuma byikoranabuhanga hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho

Kuva mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, kubera umusaruro ushimishije wa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga nka mikorobe, ikoranabuhanga mu makuru, n'ibikoresho bya siyansi, no kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubuhanga, iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga n’inganda ryatejwe imbere. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, ibisubizo bitangaje byagezweho. Iterambere ryagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’isi kandi rishimwa nka moteri y’ubukungu bw’isi.

Mu ncamake muri aya mateka, gusuzuma iterambere ry’umuryango w’abantu, ubukungu n’umuco, guverinoma zifite imyumvire mishya y’akamaro ko gukora: ndetse no muri iki gihe, iyo inganda z’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye n’izamuka ryazamuye ubukungu cyane, inganda ziracyari ubukungu bw’igihugu. Kandi urufatiro rwimbaraga zuzuye. Kwita no kwihutisha iterambere ry’inganda zikora inganda zabaye igihugu gikomeye ku isi, cyane cyane igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere nk'Ubushinwa, cyazanye amahirwe adasanzwe n'imbogamizi nshya ku iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'inganda.

Muri iki gihe, tekinoroji yo guca ibyuma, nubuhanga bwibanze bwikoranabuhanga mu nganda, nayo yateye imbere byihuse, kandi yinjiye mu cyiciro gishya cyiterambere kirangwa no guteza imbere guca umuvuduko mwinshi, guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo gutema nuburyo bwo gutunganya, no gutanga tekinoroji yuzuye yo gutunganya. Ibi bishingiye ku iterambere ryuzuye no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, harimo no guteza imbere byimazeyo ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, sisitemu yo kugenzura, ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gutwikira, imiterere y’ibikoresho n’ikoranabuhanga. Ingaruka zuzuye zakozwe nisosiyete yazamuye iterambere muri rusange ryo guca ikoranabuhanga. Zana urwego rusange murwego rushya. Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga nubuhanga bwa tekinike yubu burebure ni umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukata (Imbonerahamwe 1), biranga inzira yo gukata mugice gishya cyo guca umuvuduko mwinshi.

Kugeza ubu, guca umuvuduko mwinshi byahindutse igice cyingenzi cyikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere n’ikimenyetso gikomeye, gihinduka ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda zikora inganda, inganda z’imodoka, inganda zo mu kirere, inganda zikora inganda n’izindi nzego zikomeye z’inganda. Mu bihugu byateye imbere mu nganda, guca umuvuduko mwinshi byahindutse ikoranabuhanga rishya. Iterambere rifatika no gukoresha uburyo bwihuse bwo kugabanya ikoranabuhanga rishya ryabaye ingamba zingenzi ku mishinga yo kunoza imikorere no gutunganya ibicuruzwa, kugabanya ibiciro by’inganda, kugabanya igihe cyo kuyobora no kuzamura irushanwa. Inyungu zikomeye za tekiniki nubukungu. Kubwibyo, kwihutisha iterambere no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo guca uhagarariwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryihuta ryihuta ryabaye ubwumvikane mu nzego zitandukanye z’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu bihugu bitandukanye.

Gukata tekinoroji hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho

Ubwa mbere, yashyizeho ikoranabuhanga rishya nko guca umuvuduko mwinshi, ryateje imbere gutunganya neza.

Gukata byihuse byerekana inyungu zidasanzwe nkigikorwa gishya cyo guca. Mbere ya byose, gukata neza byahinduwe neza. Dufashe urugero rwibice bitanu bya moteri yimodoka nkurugero, mumyaka 10 ishize cyangwa irenga, imikorere yumusaruro yazamutse inshuro zigera kuri 1 kugeza kuri 2, nka PCD yo gusya mumaso kugirango itunganyirize imitwe ya aluminiyumu. Umuvuduko wo gusya wageze kuri 4021m / min naho igipimo cyo kugaburira ni 5670mm / min, cyikubye kabiri ugereranije n'umurongo w'umusaruro watangijwe mu Bushinwa mu ntangiriro ya za 90. Kurugero, CBN isya yo gusya kugirango irangize silinderi yumukara wicyuma ifite umuvuduko wo gusya 2000m / Min, inshuro 10 kurenza karbide gakondo yo gusya. Icya kabiri, kugabanya umuvuduko mwinshi nabyo ni ingirakamaro mu kuzamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, kugabanya ibiciro byinganda, no kugabanya ibihe byo kuyobora. Byongeye kandi, hashingiwe ku buhanga bwo guca umuvuduko mwinshi, tekinoroji nshya nko gukata byumye (gukata kwasi-gukata, gukata micro-lubricating), gukata cyane (mu gusya imodoka, gusya no gusya) byatejwe imbere, bidatezimbere gusa gutunganya neza ahubwo binanahindura umuco. Imipaka y'ibikorwa bitandukanye byo guca, no gushiraho ibihe bishya byo guca inganda "inganda zicyatsi." Tekinoroji yo gukata ikomeye yabaye inzira nziza cyane yo gutunganya umwobo wimbere wibikoresho byimodoka no gutunganya ibicu bikomye. Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana uburyo bwo gutunganya 65HRC.

Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu neza cyangwa uburyo bwo gutunganya umusaruro mwinshi (HPM, HSM) hamwe n’ibiciro by’ibiryo byinshi byagaragaye hakurikijwe ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya, byerekana imbaraga nini ziterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryihuta ryihuta.

Icya kabiri, imikorere yibikoresho bitandukanye bishingiye ku bikoresho bya karbide ya sima byahinduwe neza.

Imikorere ya karbide ya sima ikomeza kunozwa, kandi ubuso bwakoreshejwe buraguka, buba ibikoresho byingenzi byo gukata, bigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere kunoza imikorere yo guca. Iya mbere ni iterambere ryibintu byiza cyane, ultra-nziza-nini-ikomeye-ikomeye ya alloy ibikoresho, bitezimbere cyane imbaraga nubukomezi bwibikoresho bya karbide. Muri rusange ibikoresho bikomeye bivangavanze bikozwe muri byo, cyane cyane intego-rusange nini nini nini yo gucukura. Ibikoresho nk'urusyo rwanyuma na robine bikoreshwa mugusimbuza ibikoresho gakondo byihuta byuma byuma, byongera umuvuduko wo kugabanya no gukora neza inshuro nyinshi. Igikoresho rusange hamwe nisura nini yo mumaso kizanwa murwego rwo gukata byihuse, kandi gukata byinjiye byuzuye. Kimwe cya kabiri cyihuta cyo guca icyiciro cyashyizweho. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byose bya karbide byahindutse ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byamasosiyete y’ibikoresho byo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, kandi bizarushaho gukoreshwa cyane uko urwego rwose rwo gutunganya rutezimbere. Kugeza ubu, urugo rwa Hunan Diamond Carbide Tool Co., Ltd., Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd., Siping Xinggong Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. hamwe n’ibindi bigo na byo birashobora kubyara uruganda rukomeye rwa karbide, kanseri, imyitozo n’ibindi bicuruzwa, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2, Hunan. Igikoresho gikomeye cya karbide cyakozwe na Diamond Carbide. Ntabwo aribyo gusa, ariko karbide zikomeye nazo zikoreshwa mubikoresho bimwe bigoye. Icya kabiri, iterambere no gukoresha inzira nshya nka sima ya karbide ya sima ya sinte yazamuye ubwiza bwimbere bwa karbide ya sima; no guteza imbere amanota yihariye kubikenerwa bitandukanye, kandi birusheho kunoza imikorere ya karbide ya sima. Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho fatizo byashyizwemo imiti ya sima ya sima ya karbide, hashyizweho karbide ya sima ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ihindagurika rya plastike hamwe nubuso bukomeye, byateje imbere imikorere yo gukata no gushyira mubikorwa bya sima ya sima yashizwemo.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bya ceramic na cermet byiyongereye, imbaraga nubukomezi byarushijeho kunozwa, umurima wo gusaba hamwe nogutunganya byaraguwe, kandi amavuta akomeye yasimbuwe mukurangiza no kurangiza igice cyicyuma nicyuma, ibyo bikaba byateje imbere gutunganya no gukora neza. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho nk'ibi ntibishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu gice kimwe, mu matsinda mato mato, ariko no mu gutanga umusaruro mwinshi w'imirongo, kandi kubera igiciro gito, birashobora gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyatoranijwe cyo gukata no gukata cyane.

Ubukomezi bwibikoresho bya PCD na CBN superhard hamwe no kunoza imikorere yinganda byatumye umurima wo gusaba waguka. Ibikoresho birambirana bya Cylinder bikozwe muri CBN byakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi yikora kimwe no gutunganya ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma no kuzimya ibyuma, kandi byagutse kuva kumurima urangirira kugera kumurima wa kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza, byateje imbere cyane imikorere yo gutema. Aluminiyumu ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu nganda zo mu kirere n'inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga. Gutunganya neza cyane aluminiyumu ni tekinoroji yingenzi muri izi nzego zombi zinganda. Kugeza ubu, kubera ikoreshwa ryinshi ryibikoresho bitandukanye byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bikozwe na PCD, imikorere yo gukata iratera imbere ku buryo bugaragara, hejuru. Umuvuduko wo guca wageze kuri 7000m / min. Ibicuruzwa byaguwe kuva mubikoresho byumwimerere byahindurwaga no gukata mu maso kugeza gusya, gusiba, reamers, ibikoresho byo gukora, nibindi.; PCD kandi nigikoresho cyonyine gikora neza mugutunganya ibikoresho bitari ibyuma nka grafite nibikoresho bya sintetike. Birashobora gutegurwa ko hamwe nogutezimbere ibikoresho bya CBN na PCD, ibikoresho bitandukanye bizarushaho kwiyongera, kandi umurima wo gusaba uzagurwa, biganisha ku iterambere ryo guca ibicuruzwa bigana ku muvuduko wihuse kandi wihuse.

Iterambere ryibikoresho byihuta byibyuma biracyavugwa mugutezimbere ibikoresho. Nubwo igurishwa ryibikoresho byihuta byibyuma nibikoresho bya karbide bya sima byagabanutseho hafi 5% kumwaka, cobalt ikora cyane ibyuma byihuta kandi Gukoresha ifu ya metallurgie ibyuma byihuta byiyongera. Ibi byuma byombi bikora cyane byihuta bifite amateka maremare, bifite byiza birwanya kwambara, gukomera gutukura no kwizerwa kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe byihuta cyane, cyane cyane imikorere ya powder metallurgie ibyuma byihuta cyane, ariko kubera igiciro kiri hejuru, cyakoreshwaga mu nganda zo mu kirere gutunganya ibikoresho bigoye. Hamwe no gukurikirana uburyo bwo guca neza no guhindura imyumvire, ibi bikoresho byihuta cyane byuma byuma byuma byambere bikoreshwa cyane mumirongo yikora, nk'imyitozo, urusyo rwanyuma, kanda nibindi bikoresho rusange-bigamije ibikoresho rusange hamwe nogukata ibikoresho, broach nibindi bikoresho bikomeye. Yakiriye kunoza umuvuduko wo kugabanya no gutunganya ubuziranenge, gukoresha neza no kwagura ibikoresho byubuzima. Mu myaka yashize, ibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru bikozwe mu byuma byihuta cyane byihuta byaraguwe kandi bikoreshwa mu gutunganya rusange, kandi byahindutse ibicuruzwa bisanzwe by’ibikoresho by’ibyuma byihuta by’amahanga.

Muncamake, mugutezimbere ibikoresho bitandukanye, karbide ya sima ifite uruhare runini, ariko imikorere yibindi bikoresho nayo yaratejwe imbere cyane, yagura aho ikoreshwa, ikora ibikoresho bitandukanye byibikoresho. Hano hari ibyiza byihariye nurwego rwo gukoresha bisimburana kugirango byuzuze icyitegererezo muri rusange. Turashobora kuvuga ko iterambere ryuzuye kandi ryihuse ryibikoresho byashizeho urufatiro rwo gukata ibyuma byihuse, byihuse.

Icya gatatu, impuzu ni tekinoroji yingenzi yo kunoza imikorere yibikoresho.

Tekinoroji yo gutwika igikoresho igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukata no gukata. Yateye imbere cyane kuva yatangira, cyane cyane mumyaka yashize. Imiti yimiti (CVD) iracyari inzira nyamukuru yo gushiramo ibintu byinjizwamo. Inzira nshya nkubushyuhe buciriritse CVD, firime ya aluminium oxyde, hamwe ninzibacyuho yatejwe imbere. Ukurikije kunoza ibikoresho fatizo, CVD itwikiriye. Byombi kwambara no gukomera biratera imbere; CVD ya diyama nayo yateye imbere, itezimbere hejuru yubuso kandi yinjira mubyiciro bifatika. Kugeza ubu, igipimo cyo gutwikira karbide yo mu mahanga yinjizwamo cyageze hejuru ya 70%. Muri iki gihe, iterambere ryo gutwikira umubiri (PVD) ryagaragaye cyane, kandi hari intambwe igaragara imaze guterwa mu itanura, itunganywa, no kugenzura byikora, kandi ntabwo irwanya ubushyuhe gusa ikwiranye no gukata byihuse, gukata byumye, no gukata bikomeye. Ibifuniko byiza, nka Super TiAlN, na TiAlCN rusange-intego rusange hamwe nibikorwa byiza muri rusange hamwe na DLC, W / C anti-friction, kandi binyuze muguhanga udushya twubatswe, byateje imbere nano- n-ibice byinshi, Itezimbere gukomera no gukomera. Imbonerahamwe 2 yerekana imyenda iheruka gutangwa na sosiyete yo mu Busuwisi PLATIT.

Iterambere rishya rya tekinoroji ya PVD iratwereka imbaraga nini ninyungu zidasanzwe zogukoresha tekinoroji yo kunoza imikorere yibikoresho: impuzu nshya zirashobora gutezwa imbere hifashishijwe kugenzura ibipimo byerekana no guhinduranya imyuka ya gaze na reaction. Kugira ngo uhuze ibikenewe mu gutunganya ibintu bitandukanye, ni tekinoroji yihuse kandi nziza yo kunoza no kunoza imikorere yibikoresho, kandi ifite ibyifuzo byinshi cyane.

Icya kane, guhanga imiterere yibikoresho byahinduye isura numurimo umwe wibikoresho bisanzwe.

Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zikora inganda, inganda zingenzi nkinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, inganda zo mu kirere n’inganda zikora ibicuruzwa byashyize ahagaragara ibisabwa byinshi mu guca ibicuruzwa, kandi biteza imbere iterambere ry’ibikoresho byerekana. Igice cyihariye cyibikoresho byatejwe imbere umurongo w’iteranirizo ry’imodoka byacitse ku muco gakondo wo gutanga ibikoresho ku bisabwa no “gukora urugi rufunze”, kandi bibaye ikintu cy’ikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga ritunganya udushya, kunoza imikorere no gutunganya ishoramari, no kugira uruhare rushya. Igishushanyo cya 3 nicyuma cyihuta cyo gusya kubikorwa bya WIDIA bishya byo gutunganya crankshaft.

Inganda zibumbabumbwe zirangwa nubushobozi buhanitse, igice kimwe, umusaruro wicyiciro gito, ubukana bwinshi bwibikoresho byabumbwe, gutunganya bigoye, imiterere igoye, kuvanaho ibyuma byinshi, igihe gito cyo gutanga, kandi bigahinduka imbaraga zikomeye zo guhanga udushya twerekana ibikoresho, nkibikoresho byo gusya byo mu maso, ibyuma bitandukanye byo gusya imipira, gutunganya inganda, kugeza igihe cyo gutunganya inganda, yo gushya kwihuta cyane, gukata cyane no gukata byumye.

Mu rwego rwo guhaza ibikenerwa n’inganda zo mu kirere kugira ngo bitunganyirizwe neza ibice binini bya aluminiyumu, hashyizweho uburyo bushya bwihuse bwihuse bwa aluminiyumu yifashishwa mu gusya hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho. Igishushanyo cya 4 nicyuma cyihuta cyo gusya kiva muri Sandvik, gifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 24000r / min no kugabanya umuvuduko. Ni 6000m / min.

Muri icyo gihe, hagaragaye imiterere mishya yo gushyiramo indangagaciro, nk'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane byo guhinduranya, ibyuma bisya binini byo gusya hamwe n'impande z'imbere, ibyuma bisoza imipira, hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo kurwanya gusenya. Gusya ibyuma bikata nibindi.

Hamwe nogutezimbere imikorere yimashini eshanu ihuza CNC imashini isya ibikoresho hamwe no kumenyekanisha ikoreshwa ryayo, ibipimo bya geometrike yibikoresho bisanzwe bisanzwe nkibisyo byanyuma hamwe na bits ya drill biratandukanye cyane, bihindura imiterere ishaje yibikoresho gakondo kandi birashobora guhuza nibikoresho bitandukanye bitunganijwe hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya, kugabanya imikorere byiyongereye bikwiranye. Inzego zimwe na zimwe zivugurura nazo zitanga ingaruka nshya zo guca, nkurusyo rwa helix ingana. Ugereranije ninganda zisanzwe zisanzwe, ingero zingana zingana na helix zirashobora guhagarika neza ihindagurika ryibikoresho, kunoza imashini, no kongera ibikoresho. Gukata ubujyakuzimu no kugaburira igipimo. Kurugero, imyitozo itandukanye ya karbide yubwoko butandukanye bwimyitozo nubwoko butandukanye bwa shitingi, Igicapo 5 nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutobora hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gusya bwatangijwe na Shanghai Tool Works Co., Ltd. kugirango bihuze nibikoresho bitandukanye. Iterambere rya robine ya karbide hamwe na karbide yo gusya ibyuma bisya bitezimbere imikorere yo gutunganya urudodo kurwego rwo gukata byihuse. By'umwihariko, karbide yo gusya insyo ntizifite gusa ubushobozi bwo gutunganya neza, ariko kandi zifite byinshi bihindura, bishobora kuzigama ibikoresho.

Icya gatanu, iterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga rishyigikira.

Tekinoroji yo gukata igenda itera imbere buhoro buhoro hamwe no guteza imbere tekinoroji yo guca. Nibice byingenzi byikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi bigakomeza iterambere ryihuse hamwe nogukata tekinoroji nibikoresho, harimo hagati yabafite ibikoresho nibikoresho byimashini. Uburyo bwo guhuza, ibikoresho bifatanye mubikoresho, ibikoresho bya sisitemu yo kuringaniza no gucunga ibikoresho.

Imashini yububiko bwibikoresho bibiri-HSK) ibikoresho-bikoresho byerekana ibikoresho bifite ibyiza byo guhuza neza, guhagarara neza, umwanya muto wo gupakurura no gupakurura, nibindi. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe cyane kandi ryinshi (Ishusho 6). Imiterere yiki gikoresho gifite ibikoresho byahindutse urwego mpuzamahanga, kandi byemewe nabakora ibikoresho byinshi byimashini. Yatangije imashini yihuta yo gutunganya imashini hamwe na HSK spindle interineti hamwe na sisitemu y'ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho byahujwe hamwe nabafite ibikoresho bya HSK. Imbaraga zikomeye no gukoresha neza ibyiringiro byubwoko bushya bwibikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, ibigo bimwe byateje imbere imiterere ya shank isa na HSK, nka Sandto ya Capv shank na KM shank ya Kennametal. Mu myaka yashize, habaye kandi interineti 7:24 yo guhuza impande zombi cyangwa se guhuza bitatu kugirango bikemure ibikoresho byimashini zihari zo gutunganya byihuse.

Gukoresha ibikoresho byihuta byizunguruka nabyo bishyira ibintu bishya kubikoresho bifatanye. Irasaba clamping yuzuye neza, irasa ya radiyo

Mubyongeyeho, hari impirimbanyi n'umutekano bisabwa kubikoresho byihuta byihuta. Bitewe na asimmetrie yimiterere cyangwa eccentricité iterwa namakosa yo gukora no guteranya, hariho ubusumbane hagati yikigo cyo kuzunguruka no kuzunguruka byihuse. Imbaraga za radiyo zigihe gikora kuri sisitemu yo gutwara spindle ndetse no mubindi bice byimashini, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yimashini, ubuzima bwigikoresho ndetse nimikorere yimashini. Kugirango bigerweho, byemewe kuringaniza no kwihuta gukoresha ibikoresho byihuta byihuta byerekanwe; abakora ibikoresho bakoze ibikoresho bitandukanye byahinduwe bingana, cyangwa ibikoresho bizunguruka hamwe nibikoresho bya sisitemu yo gukata byihuse mbere yo gupakira muri spindle. Kuringaniza kumashini iringaniza kugirango igabanye ubusumbane kurwego runaka. Kugirango ugabanye ingano yuburinganire (eccentricity) yakozwe nyuma yicyo gikoresho cyinjijwe muri spindle, tekinoroji nshya yo kuri interineti yikora iringaniza iringaniza spindle, shank nigikoresho nka sisitemu ya rotor ku muvuduko wo gukora.

Mugukata byihuse, umuvuduko wigikoresho urenze 10,000 ~ 20000r / min cyangwa birenze. Muri iki gihe, ibice bifatanye byumubiri wicyuma, icyuma nicyuma bikoreshwa ningufu nini ya centrifugal. Iyo umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka ugeze ku gaciro kanini, birahagije. Icyuma gikururwa, cyangwa umugozi wo gufunga uravunika, cyangwa umubiri wose uravunika. Mugihe habaye ibi bihe, ibikoresho cyangwa ibikomere byumuntu bishobora kuviramo impanuka, bityo rero ni ngombwa gukumira ikoranabuhanga ryihuta ryihuta. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, Ubudage bwashyizeho uburyo bwihariye bw’umutekano ku bikoresho byihuta byihuta, bifite amategeko akomeye ku bijyanye no gushushanya, kugerageza, gukoresha no kuringaniza ubuziranenge bw’igikoresho. Ibi bisobanuro byahindutse igipimo cyiburayi nu rwego mpuzamahanga.

Ukurikije amakuru, igiciro kiziguye cyigikoresho kibarirwa gusa 2% ~ 4% yikiguzi cyo gukora, mugihe ikiguzi cyo gukoresha ibikoresho no gucunga kirenga 12%. Gucunga ibikoresho bya siyansi birashobora kuzigama umukoresha igiciro kinini cyibikoresho no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora. Kubwibyo, guteza imbere tekinoroji yo gucunga ibikoresho hamwe na software hamwe nibikoresho bifitanye isano byahindutse urwego rwubucuruzi bwabakora ibikoresho, ruha abakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwa serivise yo gucunga ibikoresho, uhereye kubikoresho byoroheje byo gucunga ibikoresho kugeza kumasezerano yubucuruzi bwibikoresho byose, harimo kugura ibikoresho, kumenyekanisha, kubika, serivisi ku mbuga, kongera gusya, kunoza imikorere, guteza imbere imishinga, nibindi bigamije iterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere.

Icya gatandatu, uburyo bushya bwubucuruzi bwinganda zikoreshwa.

Hamwe niterambere ryogukata tekinoroji, inganda zikoresha ibikoresho zirimo impinduramatwara muburyo bwo gukora. Guhura nuburyo bugezweho bwo kubyaza umusaruro nibikoresho bishya byakazi, "ibikoresho" ntibikiri ibicuruzwa byoroshye. Iyo bimaze kugurishwa, nibintu byingenzi byingenzi mugutezimbere inzira cyangwa tekinoroji yo gutunganya umurongo. Abakora ibikoresho bagomba kuba bashoboye guha abakoresha tekinoroji yuzuye yo gutunganya kugirango bafashe abakoresha kugera ku ntego yo kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa no kugabanya ibiciro byinganda byahindutse icyerekezo nintego yubucuruzi yo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwibikoresho byo hanze. Kugeza ubu, abakora ibikoresho bazanye inganda zikoresha ibikoresho murwego rwo hejuru rwiterambere binyuze muburyo butandukanye bwa serivisi zubucuruzi nka "gukorera abakoresha" no "gutanga ibisubizo". Ukuri kwerekanye ko iyi myitozo yabakora ibikoresho byamahanga bifasha iterambere ryinganda zikora, bizana inyungu nyinshi kubakoresha no kwakirwa nabakoresha.

Koresha tekinoroji igezweho yo kwihutisha iterambere ryinganda zikora inganda

Kongere y’igihugu ya 16 y’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ry’Ubushinwa yashyize imbere inshingano yo kubaka umuryango utishoboye mu buryo bwose no kumenya inganda nshya. Yavuzaga ihembe ryurugendo rwubushinwa ruva mububasha bwo gukora rukagera mububasha bwo gukora. Nka tekinoroji yibanze yubuhanga bwo gukora, ibikoresho byo gukata nibikoresho byibanze byo gutunganya. Ari mumwanya wambere mururu rugendo rwamateka. Ubuhanga bugezweho bwo gukata nibikoresho byo guca ni Ubushinwa buteza imbere inganda z’imodoka, inganda zo mu kirere, inganda z’ingufu n’ibikoresho bifasha. Ibisabwa kugirango inganda zibumbabumbwe. Imbere yaya mahirwe akomeye, tugomba gukoresha byimazeyo tekinoroji igezweho yo gutema no gukata ibikoresho kugirango dukorere inganda zikora inganda mubushinwa.

Kuri ibiiherezo, inganda z’ibikoresho by’Ubushinwa zirihutisha kwishyira hamwe n’inganda zikoreshwa ku isi, zinjiza ibikoresho n’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho binyuze mu guhindura ikoranabuhanga, no guteza imbere no gukora ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa mbere. Inganda z’ibikoresho by’Ubushinwa ebyiri - Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group na Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd. zafashe iya mbere mu guhindura ikoranabuhanga hifashishijwe intangiriro n’ishoramari rinini, ibyo bigatuma ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora insimburangingo n’ibikoresho bikomeye bya karbide mu Bushinwa byegeranye. Urwego rwateye imbere kwisi. Muri icyo gihe kandi, amasosiyete y’ibikoresho by’amahanga ahura n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zikora inganda n’Ubushinwa ndetse n’iterambere ry’iterambere ryihuse, byihutisha umuvuduko w’ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byaho mu Bushinwa, mu rwego rwo kugabanya ibiciro by’inganda, kuzamura ubushobozi bwa serivisi, no kugabanya igihe cyo kuyobora. Bavuga ko kwinjiza amasosiyete y’ibikoresho by’amahanga ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa biduha uburyo bwiza cyane bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho byo guhindura inganda gakondo. Tugomba gukoresha aya mahirwe meza kandi tugakoresha cyane ibikoresho bigezweho kugirango duhangane n’ibibazo by’ubukungu bw’isi kugira ngo tunoze ikoranabuhanga ritunganya n’ingufu zo guhangana n’inganda.

Iyo ibigo byihutisha ikoreshwa ryikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo guca ibintu, ibintu bya buri kigo biratandukanye, kandi imikorere yihariye iratandukanye, ariko ingingo zikurikira zirashobora gukoreshwa nkigitekerezo rusange:

Ibikoresho bikozwe mubikoresho bikoreshwa cyane, harimo ibikoresho bikomeye bya karbide, ibikoresho bya ceramic nitride ya silicon, ibikoresho bya CBN na PCD, ibikoresho byihuta cyane byuma byuma, nibindi, ubwoko bumwe bwo kumenyekanisha ibintu byihariye byumusaruro, intambwe ku yindi Push, bizakira ibisubizo byiza; kuri ubu abakora ibikoresho byo murugo nabo barashobora gutanga igice cyibicuruzwa.

Koresha cyane ibikoresho bisize. Umubare wibyuma bisize mubushinwa ni muto cyane, kandi hari umwanya munini wo kuzamurwa. Urwego rukwiye rwo gutwikira rugomba gutoranywa ukurikije uburyo bwo gutunganya kandi rukeneye kugera kubisubizo byifuzwa.

Gukoresha ibikoresho byerekana ibimenyetso bikoreshwa cyane. Ibikoresho bidasubirwaho byatejwe imbere mu Bushinwa imyaka myinshi, ariko iterambere ntirihuta bihagije kubera impamvu zitandukanye.

Iterambere ntiriringaniye. Ariko, muriki gihe, tekinoroji yibikoresho byerekanwe byateye intambwe nshya, ubwoko bwiyongereye vuba, kandi bwateye imbere muburyo bunoze kandi bukoreshwa. Imyenda igoramye yo gusya ikata ibyuma, guhinduranya insimburangingo hamwe nintego rusange byatejwe imbere. Ibicuruzwa bifite uruziga rwiza ruzengurutse hamwe nu mpande enye zifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kubishyira mu bikorwa. Gutezimbere cyane ibikoresho byerekana bigomba guhinduka umushinga wingenzi wo guhindura ikoranabuhanga munganda. Igicapo 7 ni umugozi uhetamye winjizamo urusyo rwakozwe na Hunan Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd.

Kumirongo minini yumusaruro, tugomba kwigira kuburambe bwamahanga, guteza imbere inzira nshya nibikoresho bidasanzwe, kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ibiciro, cyangwa guteza imbere uburyo bwo guhuriza hamwe ibikoresho kugirango tunoze neza kandi tugabanye ishoramari. Imirimo nkiyi igomba guhuzwa nabubaka ibikoresho byimashini nabakora ibikoresho kugirango bagere kubisubizo. Nibikorwa bikuze mubihugu byateye imbere.

Ku masosiyete afite uburyo bumwe bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bito, hagomba gukoreshwa ibikoresho bishya nkimyitozo yo gukonjesha imbere hamwe na rake face end end. Icyakabiri, ibikorwa-byinshi bikata rusange birashobora gukoreshwa, bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo guhindura ibikoresho. Birakenewe kandi kurenga imipaka gakondo yo gucukura, gusya, gusya, nibindi, no kugera kubikorwa bishya bitunganijwe binyuze mugusya, gucukura, gusya, gusya, gusya, no gusya. Mubyongeyeho, shimangira gucunga ibikoresho, kugabanya ibarura no kugabanya ibiciro by ibikoresho.

Mugihe hifashishijwe ibikoresho bigezweho byo gutema hamwe nubuhanga bushya, ibigo bigomba gushingira ku mbaraga za tekiniki zabakora ibikoresho nababikwirakwiza kugirango bakurikire inzira yo gusabana. Muri iki gihe cyibikoresho bishya byakazi, ibikoresho byifashishwa hamwe n amanota yo gutwikira, hari ubwoko bwibihumbi bwibikoresho. Gusa ubifashijwemo nababigize umwuga urashobora guhitamo igikoresho cyiza ukagera kuntego wifuza. Nubundi kandi ibikoresho byo mumahanga bigezweho. Filozofiya yubucuruzi ya "sisitemu yo gutanga" no "gutanga ibisubizo" byatejwe imbere nisosiyete. Icya kabiri, birakenewe guca intege igitekerezo cyibiciro byigikoresho - utekereza ko igikoresho cyiza gihenze cyane gukoresha. Iki gitekerezo nicyo cyagize ingaruka kuva ku iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa no guteza imbere inganda z’ibikoresho by’igihugu. Igikoresho "gihenze" kandi gifite 2% ~ 4% gusa yikiguzi cyo gukora (munsi ya 2% mubigo byinshi mubushinwa). Gusa ukoresheje icyuma "gihenze", imikorere irashobora kugabanuka cyane kugirango igabanye cyane igiciro cyigice kimwe. Inyungu zumushinga amaherezo zizagera ku ngaruka zishoramari rito nibisohoka byinshi. Binyuze mu ngero zihariye zo gutunganya, birashobora kwemezwa ko igiciro cyigikoresho kitarenze icya buri gicuruzwa.

Ndangije, nizera ko binyuze mu mbaraga za buri wese, ikoranabuhanga ryo guca iki gice rizashyirwa hamwe kugira ngo riteze imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda n’inganda mu Bushinwa.