Chitsulo kudula luso ndi chida chitukuko udindo

Ukadaulo wodula zitsulo ndi chitukuko cha zida

Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, chifukwa cha zopindulitsa za sayansi ndi ukadaulo monga ma microelectronics, ukadaulo wazidziwitso, ndi sayansi yazinthu, komanso kuthamangitsa kupita patsogolo kwa uinjiniya, kutukuka kwachangu kwaukadaulo wopanga ndi kupanga kwalimbikitsidwa. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, pakhala pali zotulukapo zochititsa chidwi. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kwathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha chuma cha padziko lonse ndipo akuyamikiridwa ngati injini ya chuma cha padziko lonse.

Kufotokozera mwachidule mbiriyi, kuyang'ana chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, chuma ndi chitukuko, maboma ali ndi chidziwitso chatsopano cha kufunikira kwa kupanga zinthu: ngakhale lero, pamene mafakitale apamwamba ndi otukuka alimbikitsa kwambiri chuma, kupanga akadali chuma cha dziko. Ndipo maziko a mphamvu zonse. Kusamalira ndi kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha makampani opanga zinthu zakhala dziko lamphamvu padziko lapansi, makamaka dziko lotukuka ngati China, lomwe labweretsa mwayi wosowa komanso zovuta zatsopano pa chitukuko cha teknoloji yopangira ndi kupanga.

Panthawi imeneyi, zitsulo kudula luso, amene ndi mfundo luso la luso kupanga, nayenso anayamba mofulumira, ndipo walowa gawo latsopano la chitukuko yodziwika ndi chitukuko cha mkulu-liwiro kudula, chitukuko cha njira zatsopano kudula ndi processing njira, ndi makonzedwe a umisiri wathunthu processing. Izi zakhazikitsidwa pakupita patsogolo komanso kutsogola kwaukadaulo wopanga, kuphatikiza kupita patsogolo kwa zida zamakina a CNC, machitidwe owongolera, zida za zida, ukadaulo wokutira, kapangidwe ka zida ndi matekinoloje ena. Zotsatira zonse zopangidwa ndi kampani zalimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wodula. Bweretsani mlingo wonse ku mlingo watsopano. Chinthu chachikulu ndi luso la msinkhu uwu ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri (Table 1), kuwonetsa kudula mu gawo latsopano la kudula kothamanga kwambiri.

Mpaka pano, kudula kwachangu kwakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri laukadaulo wopangira zida zapamwamba komanso chizindikiro chachikulu, kukhala ukadaulo wofunikira pamakampani opanga magalimoto, makampani opanga magalimoto, makampani opanga ndege, nkhungu ndi zigawo zina zazikulu zamakampani. M'mayiko otukuka, kudula kwachangu kwakhala njira yatsopano yothandiza. Chitukuko chogwira ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono lamakono lamakono lakhala njira yofunika kwambiri kwa mabizinesi kuti apititse patsogolo kukonza bwino ndi khalidwe lazogulitsa, kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, kufupikitsa nthawi zotsogolera ndikuwongolera mpikisano. Zopindulitsa zazikulu zaukadaulo ndi zachuma. Choncho, imathandizira chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito patsogolo luso kudula akuimiridwa ndi luso mkulu-liwiro kudula wakhala mgwirizano m'madera osiyanasiyana a kupanga ndi kupanga luso m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Kudula luso ndi chida chitukuko chikhalidwe

Choyamba, wapanga umisiri watsopano monga mkulu-liwiro kudula, amene bwino processing dzuwa.

Kudula mwachangu kumapereka mwayi wapadera ngati njira yatsopano yodulira. Choyamba, kudula kwachangu kwasinthidwa kwambiri. Kutengera makina asanu a injini yagalimoto mwachitsanzo, m'zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo, kupanga kwabwinoko kwasinthidwa nthawi pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2, monga chodulira nkhope cha PCD pokonza mitu ya silinda ya aluminiyamu. Liwiro la mphero lafika pa 4021m/mphindi ndipo mlingo wa chakudya ndi 5670mm/mphindi, womwe umawirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi mzere wopanga womwe unayambitsidwa ku China koyambirira kwa 1990s. Mwachitsanzo, CBN face mphero cutter kumaliza imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo masilindala ali ndi mphero liwiro 2000m/ Min, 10 nthawi 10 kuposa miyambo carbide nkhope odula. Chachiwiri, kudula kothamanga kwambiri kumapindulitsanso kukonza zinthu zabwino, kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, komanso kufupikitsa nthawi zotsogola. Kuphatikiza apo, pamaziko aukadaulo wodula kwambiri, umisiri watsopano monga kudula kowuma (kudula kowuma, kudula pang'onopang'ono), kudula molimba (ndi kugaya galimoto, mphero ndi kugaya) zapangidwa, zomwe sizimangowonjezera kuwongolera bwino komanso kusintha mwambo. Malire a ntchito zosiyanasiyana kudula, ndi kulengedwa kwa nyengo yatsopano ya kudula kupanga "zobiriwira kupanga." The zovuta kudula luso wakhala kwambiri kothandiza njira yatsopano kwa Machining wa dzenje lamkati la zida galimoto ndi anaumitsa nkhungu processing. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa nkhungu yopangira 65HRC.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, njira zopangira makina opangidwa bwino kwambiri kapena makina opanga makina opangidwa ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri (HPM, HSM) omwe ali ndi zakudya zambiri zodyera atulukira malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zikuwonetseratu kukula kwa chitukuko cha teknoloji yodula kwambiri.

Chachiwiri, magwiridwe antchito a zida zosiyanasiyana zozikidwa pa simenti ya carbide adawongoleredwa bwino.

Kuchita kwa simenti ya carbide kumapitilizidwa bwino, ndipo malo ogwiritsira ntchito amakulitsidwa, omwe amakhala chida chachikulu chodulira, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kukonza bwino kwa kudula. Choyamba ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zolimba, zolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu komanso kulimba kwa zida za simenti za carbide. Zida zonse zolimba za alloy zopangidwa kuchokera pamenepo, makamaka zobowola zazikulu ndi zapakatikati. Zida monga mphero zomaliza ndi matepi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera kuthamanga kwachangu komanso kukonza makina kangapo. Chida cha chilengedwe chonse chokhala ndi nkhope yochuluka chimabweretsedwa mumtundu wodula kwambiri, ndipo ndondomeko yodulira imalowetsedwa mokwanira. Theka la siteji yodula kwambiri yaikidwa. Pakali pano, chida chonse cholimba cha carbide chasanduka chinthu chokhazikika chamakampani opangira zida zapakhomo ndi akunja, ndipo chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira monga momwe gawo lonse lodulira limapangidwira bwino. Pakali pano, zoweta Hunan Diamond Carbide Zida Co., Ltd., Shanghai Chida Factory Co., Ltd., Siping Xinggong Kudula Chida Co., Ltd. ndi mabizinesi ena akhoza kupanga olimba carbide mapeto mphero, matepi, kubowola ndi zinthu zina, monga momwe chithunzi 2, Hunan. Chida cholimba cha carbide chopangidwa ndi Diamond Carbide.Osati kokha, koma ma carbides olimba amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zida zina zovuta kupanga. Kachiwiri, kupititsa patsogolo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano monga simenti ya simenti ya carbide pressure kwathandiza kuti carbide ikhale yabwino kwambiri; ndi chitukuko cha magiredi apadera kwa zosowa zosiyanasiyana processing, ndi patsogolo bwino ntchito simenti carbide. Pankhani ya zida zoyambira za simenti yoyikapo simenti ya carbide, carbide yokhala ndi simenti yolimba bwino yolimbana ndi kupunduka kwa pulasitiki komanso malo olimba adapangidwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ntchito yodulira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida za carbide zokutira.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida za ceramic ndi zida za cermet zawonjezeka, mphamvu ndi kulimba zakhala zikuyenda bwino, malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi makina opangira zinthu zawonjezedwa, ndipo aloyi yolimba yasinthidwa m'malo mwa kumaliza ndi theka-kumaliza kwa chitsulo ndi chitsulo choponyedwa, chomwe chathandizira kukonza bwino ndi khalidwe la mankhwala. Pakalipano, zida zoterezi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kokha pamtundu umodzi, kupanga pang'onopang'ono, komanso kupanga mizere yambiri ya msonkhano, komanso chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida chokonda kwambiri chodula ndi kudula molimba.

Kulimba kwa zida za PCD ndi CBN zida zolimba kwambiri komanso kuwongolera njira zopangira zidapangitsa kuti gawo lofunsira likule. Zida zotopetsa za Cylinder zopangidwa ndi CBN zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mizere yodziwikiratu komanso pokonza chitsulo chosungunula ndi zida zozimitsa, ndipo zakula kuchokera kumunda womaliza kupita kumunda womaliza, zomwe zathandizira kwambiri kudula. Aluminiyamu alloy ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani azamlengalenga komanso mafakitale amagalimoto. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa aloyi ya aluminiyamu ndiukadaulo wofunikira m'magawo awiriwa. Pakadali pano, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zotsogola kwambiri zopangidwa ndi PCD, kudula bwino kumakhala bwino kwambiri, kopambana kwambiri. Liwiro lodula lafika 7000m / min. Zogulitsazo zakulitsidwa kuchokera ku zida zosinthira zoyambira ndi ocheka mphero kumaso mpaka mphero, kubowola, ma reamers, zida zopangira, ndi zina zambiri; PCD ndi chida chokhacho chothandiza pokonza zinthu zopanda zitsulo monga ma graphite ndi zinthu zopangidwa. Zitha kudziwikiratu kuti ndikulimbikitsa zida za CBN ndi PCD, zida zosiyanasiyana zidzachulukirachulukira, ndipo gawo la ntchito lidzakulitsidwa, zomwe zimabweretsa chitukuko cha kudula kwa makina othamanga kwambiri komanso apamwamba kwambiri.

Kupititsa patsogolo zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri kumatchulidwabe pakupanga zida za zida. Ngakhale kugulitsa zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri ndi zida za simenti za carbide zimachepetsedwa pafupifupi 5% pachaka, zitsulo zogwira ntchito kwambiri za cobalt komanso Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zitsulo za ufa wothamanga kwambiri kukuwonjezeka. Zitsulo ziwiri zapamwamba zothamanga kwambiri zimakhala ndi mbiri yakale, zimakhala bwino kuvala kukana, kuuma kofiira ndi kudalirika kuposa zitsulo wamba zothamanga kwambiri, makamaka ntchito ya zitsulo za ufa wazitsulo zothamanga kwambiri, koma chifukwa cha mtengo wapamwamba, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga ndege kuti akonze zinthu zovuta. Ndi kufunafuna kudula bwino ndi kusintha kwa lingaliro, izi zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zimayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamizere yodziwikiratu, monga kubowola, mphero zomaliza, matepi ndi zida zina zonse ndi zida zodulira zida, ma broaches ndi zida zina zapamwamba. Analandira bwino kudula liwiro ndi Machining khalidwe, ntchito yodalirika ndi yaitali chida moyo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zomwe tatchulazi zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zakhala zikukulitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zonse, ndipo zakhala mankhwala ochiritsira akunja othamanga kwambiri.

Mwachidule, pakupanga zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, carbide yomangidwa ndi simenti imatenga gawo lotsogola, koma magwiridwe antchito a zida zina adawongoleredwanso kwambiri, kukulitsa madera awo ogwiritsira ntchito, kupanga zida zosiyanasiyana. Pali ubwino wapadera ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zimasinthana wina ndi mzake kuti zigwirizane ndi ndondomeko yonse. Tinganene kuti mwatsatanetsatane komanso mofulumira chitukuko cha zipangizo zida wayala maziko a masiku ano mkulu-liwiro, mkulu-mwachangu zitsulo kudula.

Chachitatu, zokutira ndiukadaulo wofunikira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.

Ukadaulo wokutira wa chida umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zida zamakono zodulira ndi kudula. Yakula kwambiri kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kupaka kwa Chemical (CVD) akadali njira yayikulu yokutira pazoyika zolozera. Njira zatsopano monga kutentha kwapakati CVD, filimu wandiweyani aluminium oxide, ndi kusintha kosanjikiza zapangidwa. Kutengera kuwongolera kwazinthu zoyambira, zokutira za CVD ndizolimba. Zonse zovala ndi zolimba zimawongoleredwa; Zopaka za diamondi za CVD zapitanso patsogolo, kuwongolera kutha kwa zokutira ndikulowa gawo lothandiza. Pakali pano, ❖ kuyanika chiŵerengero cha oika akunja carbide indexable wafika kuposa 70%. Panthawiyi, kupita patsogolo kwa kuyanika kwa thupi (PVD) kwawonekera kwambiri, ndipo kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwapangidwa mu ng'anjo yamoto, ndondomeko, ndi kulamulira basi, osati kukana kutentha kokha koyenera kudula mofulumira, kudula kowuma, ndi kudula kolimba kwapangidwa. Zopaka bwino, monga Super TiAlN, ndi TiAlCN zopangira zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino komanso DLC, zokutira za W/C zotsutsana ndi mikangano, komanso kudzera mwaukadaulo wamapangidwe okutira, zida zopangidwa ndi nano- ndi zosanjikiza zambiri, Kupititsa patsogolo kulimba kwa ❖ kuyanika ndi kulimba. Table 2 ikuwonetsa zokutira zaposachedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku kampani yaku Swiss PLATIT.

Kukula kwatsopano kwaukadaulo wopaka utoto wa PVD kumatiwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu komanso mwayi wapadera waukadaulo wokutira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito: zokutira zatsopano zitha kupangidwa mwa kuwongolera magawo opangira ❖ kuyanika ndi kusintha kwa chandamale ndi mpweya. Kukwaniritsa zosowa za processing zosiyanasiyana, ndi kudya ndi luso luso kusintha ndi kusintha chida ntchito, ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo yotakata ntchito.

Chachinayi, kupangidwa kwa zida zatsopano kwasintha nkhope ndi ntchito imodzi ya zida zachikhalidwe.

Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha makampani opanga, mafakitale kiyi monga makampani magalimoto, makampani Azamlengalenga ndi nkhungu makampani apereka zofunika apamwamba kudula processing, ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko mosalekeza zida indexable. Zida zapadera zopangira makina opangira magalimoto adutsa m'chizoloŵezi chopereka zida zomwe zimafunidwa komanso "kupanga zitseko zotsekedwa", ndipo zakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo wopangira ukadaulo waukadaulo, kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndikupulumutsa ndalama, ndikuchita gawo latsopano. Chithunzi 3 ndi chodulira chothamanga kwambiri panjira yatsopano ya WIDIA yopangira makina a crankshaft.

Makampani nkhungu amakhala ndi dzuwa mkulu, chidutswa chimodzi, yaing'ono mtanda kupanga, kuuma mkulu wa zipangizo nkhungu, processing zovuta, mawonekedwe zovuta, kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa zitsulo, nthawi yochepa yobereka, ndi kukhala wamphamvu galimoto mphamvu kwa luso dongosolo indexable chida, monga Zinchito nkhope odula mphero, zosiyanasiyana mpira mapeto mphero odula, yodziwikiratu mapeto kachitidwe mphero, kuyambira wotopetsa ndi mphero kuyang'ana odula kumbuyo, wotopetsa etc. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, makampani a nkhungu akadali malo atsopano odula kwambiri, kudula molimba komanso kudula kouma.

Kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamakampani opanga zakuthambo kuti azitha kukonza bwino zida zazikulu za aluminiyamu aloyi, chodulira mphero chatsopano chothamanga kwambiri komanso zida zina zapangidwa. Chithunzi 4 ndi mphero yothamanga kwambiri ya nkhope kuchokera ku Sandvik, ndi liwiro lalikulu la 24000r / min ndi kudula liwiro. Ndi 6000m / min.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zida zatsopano zoyikamo zolozera zatuluka, monga ma blister amphamvu kwambiri otembenuza, masamba odulira mphero ovuta kwambiri okhala ndi ngodya zam'mbuyo, mphero zomaliza za mpira, ndi zotchingira zothamanga kwambiri. Milling cutter masamba ndi zina zotero.

Ndi kusintha kwa ntchito ya asanu olamulira kugwirizana CNC chida akupera makina ndi kutchuka kwa ntchito yake, magawo geometric wa muyezo chilengedwe zida monga mphero ndi kubowola bits zambiri zosiyanasiyana, amene amasintha chitsanzo chakale cha zida chikhalidwe muyezo ndipo akhoza azolowere zinthu zosiyanasiyana kukonzedwa ndi zinthu Processing, kudula ntchito kuchuluka moyenerera. Zina mwazinthu zatsopano zimatulutsanso zodulira zatsopano, monga mphero zosafanana za helix angle end. Poyerekeza ndi mphero zokhazikika, mphero zosafanana za helix zimatha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa zida, kukonza kumaliza kwa makina, ndikuwonjezera zida. Kudula kwakuya ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, ma carbide amabowola amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsonga zobowola ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pobowola, Chithunzi 5 ndi tizibowo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timabowola ndi nsonga zobowola zosiyanasiyana zoyambitsidwa ndi Shanghai Tool Works Co., Ltd. Kupanga matepi a carbide ndi odulira ulusi wa carbide kumathandizira kukonza bwino kwa ulusi mpaka pamlingo wodula kwambiri. Makamaka, odula ulusi wa carbide samangokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zosunthika, zomwe zimatha kupulumutsa ndalama za zida.

Chachisanu, chitukuko chofulumira cha matekinoloje othandizira.

Tekinoloje yodula imapangidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wodula. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri laukadaulo wamakono wodulira ndipo limasunga chitukuko mwachangu ndiukadaulo wodula ndi zida, kuphatikiza pakati pa chofukizira chida ndi spindle ya chida cha makina. Njira yolumikizira, kumenyetsa zida mu chogwiritsira ntchito, kusanja kwa dongosolo la zida ndi kasamalidwe ka zida.

The kawiri mbali dzenje dzenje taper shank (HSK) makina chida-chida mawonekedwe ali ndi ubwino wabwino kugwirizana rigidity, mkulu udindo kulondola, Kutsegula lalifupi ndi kutsitsa nthawi, etc. Kukwezeleza luso wakhala ntchito mochuluka kwambiri (Chithunzi 6). Kapangidwe ka chida ichi chakhala chovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chavomerezedwa ndi ambiri opanga zida zamakina. Yakhazikitsa malo opangira makina othamanga kwambiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe a spindle a HSK ndi makina a zida kapena zida zophatikizika ndi zida za HSK. Mphamvu yamphamvu komanso chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito bwino chamtundu watsopano wa chida ichi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, makampani ena apanga mapangidwe a shank ofanana ndi HSK, monga Sandvik's Capto shank ndi Kennametal's KM shank. M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhalanso mawonekedwe a 7:24 olumikizana ndi mbali ziwiri kapena atatu olumikizirana kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamakina omwe alipo a makina othamanga kwambiri.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zida zothamanga kwambiri kumaikanso zofuna zatsopano pazitsulo zolimba. Pamafunika mkulu clamping mwatsatanetsatane, radial runout

Kuonjezera apo, pali zofunikira zoyenera komanso chitetezo cha zida zothamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe asymmetry kapena eccentricity chifukwa cha zolakwika za kupanga ndi kusonkhana, pali kusalinganika pakati pa pakati pa kuzungulira ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Mphamvu yama radial ya periodic imagwira ntchito pamakina a spindle komanso mbali zina zamakina, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa makina, moyo wa chida komanso momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito. Kuti izi zitheke, kusagwirizana kovomerezeka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothamanga kwambiri zothamanga kumatchulidwa; opanga zida apanga zida zosiyanasiyana zosinthika, kapena zida zozungulira ndi zida zodulira mwachangu musanalowe mu spindle. Kusamala pamakina osinthira kusinthasintha kuti muchepetse kusalinganika kwamitundu ina. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusalinganizika (eccentricity) komwe kumapangidwa chidacho chikalowetsedwa mu spindle, ukadaulo watsopano wapaintaneti wofananira umayang'anira nsonga, shank ndi chida ngati makina ozungulira pa liwiro la ntchito.

Podula kwambiri, liwiro la chida ndilapamwamba kuposa 10,000 ~ 20000r / min kapena kupitilira apo. Panthawiyi, mbali zokhotakhota za thupi la tsamba, tsamba ndi tsamba zimagonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya centrifugal. Pamene liwiro lozungulira likufika pamtengo wapatali, ndilokwanira. Tsambalo limatulutsidwa, kapena chomangira chathyoka, kapena thupi lonse lathyoka. Zikachitika izi, zida kapena kuvulala kwamunthu kungayambitse ngozi, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupewa ukadaulo wodula kwambiri. Kuti izi zitheke, Germany yapanga ndondomeko ya chitetezo cha zida zothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi malamulo okhwima pakupanga, kuyesa, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusanja khalidwe la chida. Izi zakhala mulingo waku Europe komanso muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Malinga ndi deta, mtengo wachindunji wa chidacho umangotengera 2% ~ 4% ya mtengo wopanga, pomwe mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito chida ndi kasamalidwe ndi woposa 12%. Kasamalidwe ka zida zasayansi amatha kupulumutsa wogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wopanga. Choncho, chitukuko cha luso kasamalidwe chida ndi mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi hardware wakhala malonda kukula kwa opanga zida, kupereka owerenga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito kasamalidwe chida, kuchokera yosavuta chida kasamalidwe katundu kuti phukusi mapangano a mabizinesi onse chida, kuphatikizapo Chida zogula, chizindikiritso, yosungirako, pa malo utumiki, chida kachiwiri akupera, ndondomeko kusintha, chitukuko cha polojekiti, etc. zokolola zachuma ndi zamakono.

Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, mtundu watsopano wabizinesi wamakampani opanga zida.

Ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji yodula, makampani opanga zida akukumana ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito. Poyang'anizana ndi njira yatsopano yopangira zinthu komanso zida zatsopano zogwirira ntchito, "zida" sizikhalanso zosavuta. Akagulitsidwa, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera njira kapena ukadaulo wopanga mzere. Opanga zida ayenera athe Kupereka owerenga ndi wathunthu processing luso kuthandiza owerenga kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kuwongolera processing Mwachangu, mankhwala khalidwe ndi kuchepetsa mtengo kupanga wakhala malangizo ndi cholinga bizinesi ya chitukuko cha malonda opanga zida zakunja '. Pakalipano, opanga zida abweretsa makampani opanga zida kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zamalonda monga "ogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito" ndi "kupereka mayankho". Zowona zatsimikizira kuti mchitidwewu wa opanga zida zakunja umathandizira pakukula kwamakampani opanga zinthu, kubweretsa zabwino zambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito komanso kulandiridwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.

Ntchito luso kudula patsogolo imathandizira chitukuko cha makampani opanga China

Msonkhano wa 16 wa National Congress of the Communist Party of China unaika patsogolo ntchito yomanga anthu otukuka m'njira zonse ndikuzindikira chitukuko chatsopano cha mafakitale. Inaliza lipenga la kuguba kwa China kuchoka ku mphamvu zopangira kupita ku mphamvu yopangira. Monga umisiri zofunika za luso kupanga, kudula chida ndi zofunika ndondomeko zida. Ili pamalo oyamba pamayendedwe akale akale. Ukadaulo waukadaulo wapamwamba komanso zida zodulira ndi chitukuko cha China chamakampani opanga magalimoto, mafakitale apamlengalenga, mafakitale amagetsi ndi zida zothandizira. Zofunikira pamakampani a nkhungu. Poyang'anizana ndi mwayi waukulu wotero, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira luso kudula ndi kudula zida kutumikira makampani opanga China.

Ku ichiPamapeto pake, makampani opanga zida ku China akufulumizitsa kuphatikizika kwake ndi zida zapadziko lonse lapansi, kubweretsa zida zapamwamba ndiukadaulo kudzera pakusintha kwaukadaulo, ndikupanga ndikupanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Makampani awiri opangira zida ku China - Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group ndi Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd. adatsogola pakusintha kwaukadaulo ndi poyambira kwambiri komanso ndalama zambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa ukadaulo wopangira zoyikapo indexable ndi zida zolimba za carbide ku China kuyandikira. Mlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo, makampani opanga zida zakunja akukumana ndi chitukuko chofulumira chamakampani opanga zinthu zaku China komanso chiyembekezo chakukula mwachangu, kufulumizitsa mayendedwe opangira kapena ntchito ku China, kuti achepetse ndalama zopangira, kupititsa patsogolo luso lautumiki, ndikufupikitsa nthawi zotsogola. Akuti kulowa kwa makampani opanga zida zakunja mumsika waku China kumapereka mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri kuti tigwiritse ntchito zida zapamwamba kuti tisinthe kupanga kwachikhalidwe. Tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wabwinowu ndikutengera zida zapamwamba zodulira kuti tithane ndi zovuta za kudalirana kwachuma kuti tipititse patsogolo luso laukadaulo komanso mphamvu zamabizinesi.

Pamene mabizinesi imathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wodula, momwe bizinesi iliyonse imakhala yosiyana, ndipo machitidwe ake ndi osiyana, koma mfundo zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lingaliro wamba:

Zida zopangidwa ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito zida zapamwamba, kuphatikizapo zida zolimba za carbide, zida za silicon nitride ceramic, zida za CBN ndi PCD, zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, mtundu umodzi wa chiyambi chazochitika zenizeni za kupanga, sitepe ndi sitepe Kankhani, adzalandira zotsatira zabwino; pakadali pano opanga zida zapakhomo amathanso kupereka zida izi pang'ono.

Gwiritsani ntchito zida zokutira kwambiri. Chigawo cha mipeni yokutidwa ku China ndi chochepa kwambiri, ndipo pali malo akuluakulu opititsa patsogolo. Gulu lopaka loyenera liyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito ndipo ziyenera kukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma index kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zida zolozera zakhala zikukwezedwa ku China kwazaka zambiri, koma kupita patsogolo sikunakhale kofulumira pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Chitukuko sichili bwino. Komabe, panthawiyi, teknoloji ya zida zowonetsera zida zapita patsogolo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakula mofulumira, ndipo yakhala ikuyendera bwino komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Zocheka mphero zopindika m'mphepete, zokhotakhota zokhala ndi zopukuta ndi cholinga chambiri zapangidwa. Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi masamba ozungulira abwino komanso zokhala ndi octagonal zili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito. Kupititsa patsogolo zida zolozera mwachangu kuyenera kukhala projekiti yofunikira pakusintha kwaukadaulo kwamabizinesi. Chithunzi 7 ndi chopindika m'mphepete mwake chodula chopangidwa ndi Hunan Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd.

Pamizere yayikulu yopangira, tiyenera kuphunzira kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja, kupanga njira zatsopano ndi zida zapadera, kukonza bwino ndikuchepetsa mtengo, kapena kupanga njira zophatikizira zida kuti zithandizire bwino komanso kuchepetsa ndalama. Ntchito yotereyi iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi omanga zida zamakina ndi opanga zida kuti akwaniritse zotsatira. Uwu ndi mchitidwe okhwima m'maiko otukuka.

Kwa makampani omwe ali ndi gawo laling'ono lopangira batch, zida zatsopano zogwirira ntchito monga zobowolera mkati ndi mphero zakumaso ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kachiwiri, ocheka amitundu yambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe amatha kuchepetsa nthawi yosintha zida. M'pofunikanso kuswa miyambo ndondomeko malire pobowola, mphero, akupera, etc., ndi kukwaniritsa zatsopano processing zotsatira kudzera m'kati mphero, kubowola, mphero, mphero, mphero, ndi akupera. Kuphatikiza apo, limbitsani kasamalidwe ka zida, kuchepetsa zowerengera ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa zida.

Potengera zida zodulira zapamwamba komanso matekinoloje atsopano, mabizinesi ayenera kudalira mphamvu yaukadaulo ya opanga zida ndi ogulitsa kuti atsatire njira yolumikizirana. M'masiku ano a zida zatsopano zogwirira ntchito, zida zopangira zida ndi magiredi opaka, pali mitundu yambiri ya zida. Pokhapokha ndi chithandizo cha akatswiri awo mungathe kusankha chida choyenera ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chomwe mukufuna. Izinso ndizomwe zidapanga zida zakunja. Malingaliro abizinesi a "system supply" ndi "kupereka mayankho" amalimbikitsidwa ndi kampaniyo. Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kuphwanya lingaliro lolakwika la mtengo wa chida - poganiza kuti chida chabwino ndi chokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ndi maganizo amenewa kwa nthawi yaitali zakhudza patsogolo kudula luso ku China ndi chitukuko cha makampani dziko chida. Chidacho ndi "chokwera mtengo" ndipo chimangotengera 2% ~ 4% ya mtengo wopanga (zosakwana 2% m'mabizinesi ambiri ku China). Pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni "wokwera mtengo", mphamvuyo imatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri kuti ichepetse kwambiri mtengo wa chidutswa chimodzi. Ubwino wa bizinesiyo pamapeto pake udzapeza zotsatira za ndalama zochepa komanso zotuluka zambiri. Kupyolera mu zitsanzo zapadera zogwirira ntchito, zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa kuti mtengo wa chidacho siwoposa wa mankhwala aliwonse.

Pomaliza, ndikuyembekeza kuti mwa kuyesetsa kwa aliyense, ukadaulo wodula wagawoli uphatikizidwa kuti uthandizire kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo waku China wopanga ndi kupanga.